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Ecological specializations of birds based on spatial co-existence patterns
Petrová, Kristýna ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Weiser, Martin (referee)
Ecological specialization based on co-existence patterns is new methodology used for niche breadth measurement using co-existing community with occupancy data. It results in generalist-specialist continuum according to value of speciali- zation index. The aim of this thesis was testing index stability at spatial and tem- poral scale, compare this specialization index with other specialization indices and study changes in specialization with time changes in occupancy. Specialization was quantified using data of breeding birds atlases in the Czech Republic and Europe using two selected indices Theta and Simpson. Methodology seems to be sensitive to spatial scale. Instability appears at small scale for birds, stability and correlation between indices increase with gre- ater scale. Problems with using point counts corresponds to their unsuitability encompass birds' habitats, especially for water dependent birds. Correlations be- tween different time periods are stronger at greater spatial scale. Specialization based on co-existence patterns correlates with specialization according to experts' opinions. Results from comparing changes in specialization with changes in occu- pancy suggest, that most of species tend to leave more diverse sites with occupancy decline.
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Niche Partitioning in Tropical Birds
Petruf, Miroslav ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Exnerová, Alice (referee)
in English Niche partitioning is a process that allows species to coexist by minimizing competition. Niches get narrow with growing habitat heterogeneity, which is evident in tightly packed tropical communities. Closely related species exhibit a high niche overlap, which intensifies competition for resources in their sympatry. Such birds avoid competitive exclusion by foraging using different methods or in different strata. Character displacement makes sympatric species diverge in foraging niches as well as in morphology, allowing specialized species to access private resources. Tropical birds in seasonal environments tend to occupy different niches in the wet and in the dry season, based on the availability of resources in their preferred habitats. Resource subdivision in sympatric members of an ecological guild usually depends on body-size- determined dominance. Territoriality may depend on the costs and benefits of defending resources, which may change seasonally. Dominance statuses vary within populations of the same species, too, promoting intra-specific niche partitioning. Within-species differences in foraging can also be the result of sexual dimorphism or differences in reproductive roles. Moreover, intra-specific differences in foraging may also explain the partial migration of some...
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Spatial Variability in Pollination Networks
Hadrava, Jiří ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Keil, Petr (referee)
Plant-pollinator interaction assembly can be represented as so called pollination network. Using these networks, assembly of plant-pollinator communities and geographic patterns in pollination networks can be studied. During last years, a great progress in describing patterns in structure of plant-pollinator interaction webs and in describing their spatial variability was made. However, these results are mostly based on data from previous studies, which are not seamlessly comparable due to their nonuniformity. My thesis aims at the methodological concepts of study on pollination networks. Based on meta- analysis of previously published data and on data from four years detailed study of plant-pollination system from one locality, I show several methodological problems caused by dissimilarities in sam- pling method of current pollination-network data. These dissimilarities could be responsible for some observed patterns in the assembly of pollination networks. Thus, I propose a uniform method for observing pollination networks suitable for macroecolo- gical meta-analyses (pollination network samples). I tested this method in the field and I described 49 pollination networks from the central and eastern Europe by using such method. In these ne- tworks, no nonrandom structure character such as...
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Monitoring of jumping performance among beach volleyball players.
Cónová, Tereza ; Vorálek, Rostislav (advisor) ; Kočíb, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Monitoring of jumping performance among beach volleyball players Objectives: The aims were to analyze in-game jumping performance in young beach volleyball players and to compare the frequency of jumps between attackers and blockers as well as the difference of the jumping performance between boys and girls and between teams playing against each other. Methods: The method of observation and frequency counting were used in this work. For this purpose, videos from the World and European Junior Championships were used. The frequency method was used to determine the frequency of jumps in serving, smashing, and blocking. The jumping performances in teams playing against each other as well as gender differences were observed. The results were recorded in graphs and tables. Results: 16 teams were analyzed, 2 of which were from the Czech Republic. In terms of quality and frequency of jumps, a significant difference between girls and boys was observed. Girls were more likely backed down in spite of opponents' good recording to smash probably because they missed getting to the net after servicing. Boys rarely used the jump float serve technique. The individual pairs were roundly misaligned. Keywords: blocker, fielder player, comparison, specialization, team, video, jump, load
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Specialized training volleyball in school categories and in minivolleyball
Mecová, Miroslava ; Buchtel, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vorálek, Rostislav (referee)
Title: Specialized training in volleyball school categories and minivolleyball Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the specialized volleyball training for selected categories in childhood on the basis of a brief proposal to develop training content for each category. Methods: A target selection of volleyball coaches were selected to complete a questionnaire for quantitative research. Results: The results of the poll relating coaches working with children and youth categories were displayed in graphs for clarity. According to the evaluation, and comparison with the literature the final literature, was a concise, well designed training content for category minivolleybal, younger and older students. Keywords: minivolleyball, children sports training, specialization, division of categories
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Regional specialization and economic volatility of Czech regions
Randa, Michal ; Pavlínek, Petr (advisor) ; Čadil, Vladislav (referee)
Regional specialisation and economic volatility of Czech regions ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the assessment of the impact of regional specialization and regional diversity on economic performance of Czech regions by indicators of economic development: the growth of the average wage, employment growth, rising unemployment, increase in the number of patents and the GDP per person. The second aim is to assess the effect of types of diversity on regional performance. Finally, this thesis aims to assess the impact of diversity on regional resilience by analyzing the development of employment and GDP per person. Key words: Czech regions, diversity of industry, specialization, regional performance, regional resilience, related and unrelated variety, Jacobs' effects, Marshall's effects
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Plant-pollinator relationships in isolated ecosystems and ecosystems with extreme fluctuations in climatic conditions
Pinc, Jan ; Vlasáková, Blanka (advisor) ; Vazačová, Kristýna (referee)
In extreme and isolated ecosystems, organisms are often specifically adapted to local abiotic conditions due to relatively fast-moving diversification and strong selection pressure. Their mutualistic relationships are very often quite unusual and unique. Plants grow in populations with a limited number of individuals. They are exposed to strong selection pressure for outcrossing to minimize the loss of genetic variability due to inbreeding, which is common in small populations. Maximizing outcrossing usually results in various modifications of pollination systems. These modifications are affected by the insufficient number of potential pollinators and by their irregular occurrence. The aim of this paper is to summarize the typical features of pollination systems in extreme and isolated ecosystems and to clarify the conditions that led to their creation.
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Struktura společenstev hálky tvořících členovců na vrbách
KADLEC, Jan
In this thesis, I examined ecological factors that affect diversity and abundance of galls on willows. I focused on the effects of host-plant phylogeny, host-plant defences, and the effects of interactions among herbivorous guilds. I show that gall abundace is mainly affected by host-plant nutrients, while the defensive traits have only marginal effect. The effect of host-plant phylogeny seems to differ betwen groups of gall-forming arthropod taxa, with several of gall forming species on willows being polyphangous and showing only limited response to willow phylogeny. On the whole, the response of gallers largely differes from the response of less specialized guilds of herbivores.
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Homogenization of bird communities
Krsová, Magdalena ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Biotic homogenization is characterized as a process by which means species invasions and extinctions increase the genetic, taxonomic or functional similarity among ecological communities and this process is associated with modern biodiversity crisis. The most prominent patterns of recent homogenization of species composition in avian communities are loss of native species and their replacement by non-native species, expanding habitat generalists at the expense of native and more specialized species. As a result, increases in local or alpha-diversity typically occur at the expense of decreased beta-diversity or increased community similarity among regions. These patterns are probably caused by introduction non-native species, urbanization, landscape fragmentation and disturbance. These results suggest that conservation effort should focus on protection of unique habitats where ecologically specialised species occur. Further research in this area could provide better basis for generation of simulation models aimed to predicting changes in community composition.
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Farm in Horní Lipová
Kühnová, Edita ; Mizerová,, Lenka (referee) ; Petříček, Tomáš (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the processing of project documentation in the documentation phase for construction of building object SO 01 – Detached house with facilities. The thesis is not worked out in full extent, as prescribed in Decree No. 62/2013 Coll. Amending Decree No. 499/2006 Coll., On Construction Documentation. It includes only part A (Data Accompanying Report), B (Summary Technical Report), C (Situational Drawings), D.1.1 (Architectural and Building Solutions) and D.1.3 (Fire Safety Solutions) of Appendix 6 of this Decree. In addition, a thermal-technical assessment of the building was elaborated. There are two specializations in small range as additional part of the documentation as well. The proposed two-storey house with small cellar is situated on flat land in the village of Lipová-lázně and layout of the object is divided into two parts, part of house with function of housing and part with facilities for cooking and catering for more persons.
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