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Produkce a zpracování drůbeže v české republice
SIAWELA, Saviour
The absolute and most fundamental aim of this bachelor's thesis is to compare and understand the production and processing measures of broiler parent combination and their offspring for the desirable breeding type for commercial breeders of broiler chickens COBB 500 and ROSS 308 in that order. The data was obtained from Mezinárodní testování drůbeže, státní podnik (International poultry testing, state enterprise) in Ústrašice. Parent testing of COBB 500 and ROSS 308 consisted of parent rearing periods of up to 154 days of age respectively. The fattening test was made in two sets of 35 days and 42 days in that order. Testing evidence results suggested that ROSS 308 chickens obtained a quite substantial live body mass/weight compared to COBB 500 on due ending course of the set rearing period in parent testing. However, lower feed consumption per head/day was realized in COBB 500 hybrids with reference to this period respectively. In addition to that, lower feed consumption was observed per day/head in COBB 500 hybrids during the laying period. Despite the deduced observations though, a higher egg number/hen housed was laid by ROSS 308 hens but the live hatched chickens per laying hen were higher in COBB 500 hens. Higher live body mass/weight and lower feed consumption per kg gain hybrids were realized in ROSS 308 at the fattening test period of 35 days of age. On the other hand, roosters of both hybrid combinations COBB 500 and ROSS 308 gained a higher live body mass/weight and lower feed consumption per kg gain. 2.3 % of chickens died during the fattening period in each hybrid combination. Higher carcass yield, breast, and thighs muscle mass were in this work determined in ROSS 308 hybrids. This is because ROSS 308 hybrids successfully attained a higher live body/weight of at least about 14 g during a prolonged fattening testing period of 42 days of age. Higher live body mass/weight however and lower feed consumption was determined in cocks obviously in comparison with hens in both genotypes. In that order,4.6 % of COBB 500 chickens and 5.4 % of ROSS 308 chickens died during the fattening period due to improper ventilation yet a very imperative factor to animal welfare at large. genotypic difference between COBB 500 and ROSS 308 was at 0.2 % in slaughter yield, 7 g in breast mass, and 9 g in thighs weight respectively.
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Comparison of qualitative indicators of hen's eggs from different types of feeding
ŠTĚPÁN, Stanislav
The presented bachelor thesis dealt with the comparison of qualitative indicators of hen's eggs from different types of breeding. Samples from cage farming production system, indoor housing systém and free-range home breeding were used for comparison. Ten eggs from each type were used. The following qualitative indicators were evaluated and compared - egg weight, shell integrity, air cell height, shape indices (shape index and egg index), occurrence of blood and meat spots, solid egg white and yolk index, egg quality expressed in Haugh units and shell thickness. The eggs from the individual types of breeding were similar in shape, but diffe-red the most in size and weight, the weight was measured from 49 to 91 g. Two samples had a damaged shell. The height of the air cell ranged from 2 to 4 mm. The values of the solid protein index ranged from 0.061 to 0.156 and the yolk index ranged from 0.39 to 0.51. Haugh units ranged from 74 to 107. The shell thickness was between 0.37 and 0.47 mm. All results were in or near the average.
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The effect of oviposition on egg quality at the beginning and end of the laying cycle
Greglová, Ellen ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
The egg quality is affected by many factors, among which various interactions may occur. The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess changes in the quality of eggs laid in the morning, midday, and in the evening at the beginning and the end of the laying cycle in six laying hybrids: Bovans Brown, Bovans Sperwer, Isa Sussex, Moravia Barred, Moravia BSL and Dekalb White, each individually housed in cages. The experiment was realized at the beginning of lay, between 19 and 26 weeks of age and at the end of lay betwen 64 and 70 weeks of age. During the experiment, were conected eggs at 6 a.m., 9 a.m., 12 p.m. and 5 p.m. and were recorded daily. In total, 300 eggs from each genotype and of each period were evaluated. At the beginning of the laying cycle, the interactions of oviposition time and genotype (P 0.03), were observed in the yolk weight (P 0.004) and the color of the yolk. The highest weight yolk had the eggs laid by white-egg hybrid Dekalb White early in the morning (13.79 g at 6 a.m.) and during the day the weight of yolk decreased. However, the yolk weight of brown-egg Bovan Brown hens increased until 9 a.m. and then decreased again. The darkest yolk was laid by genotype Bovans Brown at 12 p.m. (8.0 g), while the lightest yolk was laid by Dekalb White at 12 p. m. (3.00). At the end of the laying cycle, interactions of oviposition time and genotype (P 0.028) were observed in the albumen percentage. The highest values had hybrid Moravia BSL with eggs laid in 12 a.m., 5 p.m. 64.23 %, 63.33 %), and the lowest percentage had hens of Bovans Sperwer at 9 a.m. (58.19 %). Oviposition time significantly (P 0.003) affected only the strength of the shell. At the beginning of the laying cycle, we recorded higher strength at 9.00 a.m. (54.89 g.cm-2) compared to the eggs collected at 6 a.m. and later (41.39 a 24.58 g.cm-2). The genotype (P 0.005) affected most of the parameters of quality.
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Factors influencing production and quality of consumable eggs
KECLÍKOVÁ, Magda
The thesis is focused on data processing which concerns some factors influencing production and quality of consumable eggs. First there was described composition and structure of eggs and in turn was characterized hen laying and some internal and external factors affecting it. The internal factors include hen breeds, hybrids, laying hybrids, age and hen liveweight. Among external factors is mentioned hen nutrition, health and microclimatic conditions where the light, temperature, relative humidity and ventilation are specified. Further I paid attention to pullet rearing and to laying hen breeding as well where the individual technology is characterized In conclusion there is mentioned economy of consumable egg production.
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Influence of selected feeding supplements on the occurrence of coccidias in digestive tract of hens
PAZDERKOVÁ, Lenka
Poultry farming represents 30 % of meat production worldwide. The occurrence of animal parasites is an enormous problem of poultry farming. This problem is recorded from factory farming as well as from small farming and causes financial losses. The aim of this study was to gain basic data about the occurrence of coccidia oocysts in the excrements of carrier hens. Carrier hens were fed by dietary supplements which were supposed to have influence on native gut microflora composition. This experiment was conducted on 26 individuals of carrier type hens. It was created the experimental and control group (one group consisted of 13 individuals). The experimental group was prebiotics (Biopolym), probiotics (Lactovita) and homeopathic served 14 days in and between each preparation was 14 days interval. The samples of excrements were tested in a laboratory once a week. The decrease of frequency of coccidian oocysts occurrence in the excrements in the experimental and control group was not proved.
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Poultry cryptosporidiosis
KURAL, Vladimír
A total of 270 samples of domestic hen (Gallus gallus f. domestica) from 20 farms were collected during two consecutive years (from 2011 to 2012). Microscopical examination of aniline-carbol-methyl violet stained fecal smears revealed 5 positive samples originating from one farm. DNA was extracted from Cryptosporidium positive samples and all microscopically negative samples. Nested PCR was performed to amplify the partial SSU rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium. The sequence analyses of PCR-positive specimens identified 8 samples as a novel genotype, working titled Cryptosporidium hen genotype. The sequences identified as hen genotype matched most closely with Cryptosporidium bovis which was originally reported from cattle in the most cases.
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