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Parous and nulliparous female detection in blood-sucking nematocera insects
Mračková, Marie ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Král, David (referee)
Nematocerous insects belong to the order Diptera, one of the largest and worldwide spread groups of insects. Haematophagous species act not only as tormentors, but also as vectors of various pathogens. The first section of this thesis reviews about insetct's reproductive systems, multiple blood-feeding, autogeny and development of ova; the information which are necessary for the transmission understanding. The principal topic of the thesis is reviewing methods for distinguishing parous and nulliparous females, which are commonly used for four Nematoceran groups: mosquitoes (Culidicade), black flies (Simuliidae), sand flies (Phlebotominae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae, the genus Culicoides). The section is focused mainly on family Culicidae, because the methods used for mosquitoes were the groundwork for developing methods suitable for the other groups. Some of the procedures, for example counting folicular dilatations or assessing the condition of tracheoles in the ovaries, are used for most of the studied groups; others, like pigmentation of the abdominal wall in the genus Culicoides, can be used only for one group. Knowledge of the female parity is very important for epidemiological and ecological studies, because only parous females, previously blood-fed on infected hosts, can transmit...
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Leucocytozoon and methods of its detection in raptors
Sekerášová, Iveta ; Brzoňová, Jana (advisor) ; Majerová, Karolina (referee)
The genus Leucocytozoon is a bird parasite. Its hosts constitute usually of representatives of the Falconiformes group and hawks (Accipitridae). The vector of this parasite are blackflies (family Simuliidae). This thesis brings an overview of species of the genus Leucocytozoon so far detected in birds of prey. The thesis focuses primarily on methods of detecting Leucocytozoon in hosts. Traditionally, this genus has been described on the basis of its morphological characters observed via microscope. With the discovery of polymerase chain reaction method (PCR), the detection possibilities expanded and allow us to study this parasite on molecular levels. The thesis contains a basic overview of detection methods, characteristics of their principles and outlines their strengths and weaknesses regarding the practical applicability as well. Based on that, the microscopic approach alongside with the detection based on molecular methods is recommended.
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Autogeny by phlebotomine sandflies
Pavlasová, Michaela ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
1 Abstract In haematophagous insect autogeny means an eggs development and ability to set first egg batch without previous blood-feeding on a host. Autogeny developed in several groups of invertebrates mainly order Diptera and more rarely orders Heteroptera and Acari. It occurs mostly as an alternative possibility of development in case of unsuitable conditions or absence of hosts. This thesis includes present findings about autogeny among subfamily Phlebotominae and families Culicidae, Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae and Tabanidae. The thesis focuses on factors influencing autogeny such as nutrition during larval development, geographic and genetic factors, temperature and photoperiodic aspects. The thesis is targeted mostly on sandflies, important vectors of many pathogens, and on influence of autogeny on its vectorial potential. Key words: autogeny, ovarian development, Phlebotomus, Culicidae, Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, Tabanidae
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Leucocytozoon and methods of its detection in raptors
Sekerášová, Iveta ; Brzoňová, Jana (advisor) ; Majerová, Karolina (referee)
The genus Leucocytozoon is a bird parasite. Its hosts constitute usually of representatives of the Falconiformes group and hawks (Accipitridae). The vector of this parasite are blackflies (family Simuliidae). This thesis brings an overview of species of the genus Leucocytozoon so far detected in birds of prey. The thesis focuses primarily on methods of detecting Leucocytozoon in hosts. Traditionally, this genus has been described on the basis of its morphological characters observed via microscope. With the discovery of polymerase chain reaction method (PCR), the detection possibilities expanded and allow us to study this parasite on molecular levels. The thesis contains a basic overview of detection methods, characteristics of their principles and outlines their strengths and weaknesses regarding the practical applicability as well. Based on that, the microscopic approach alongside with the detection based on molecular methods is recommended.
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Parous and nulliparous female detection in blood-sucking nematocera insects
Mračková, Marie ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Král, David (referee)
Nematocerous insects belong to the order Diptera, one of the largest and worldwide spread groups of insects. Haematophagous species act not only as tormentors, but also as vectors of various pathogens. The first section of this thesis reviews about insetct's reproductive systems, multiple blood-feeding, autogeny and development of ova; the information which are necessary for the transmission understanding. The principal topic of the thesis is reviewing methods for distinguishing parous and nulliparous females, which are commonly used for four Nematoceran groups: mosquitoes (Culidicade), black flies (Simuliidae), sand flies (Phlebotominae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae, the genus Culicoides). The section is focused mainly on family Culicidae, because the methods used for mosquitoes were the groundwork for developing methods suitable for the other groups. Some of the procedures, for example counting folicular dilatations or assessing the condition of tracheoles in the ovaries, are used for most of the studied groups; others, like pigmentation of the abdominal wall in the genus Culicoides, can be used only for one group. Knowledge of the female parity is very important for epidemiological and ecological studies, because only parous females, previously blood-fed on infected hosts, can transmit...
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Autogeny by phlebotomine sandflies
Pavlasová, Michaela ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
1 Abstract In haematophagous insect autogeny means an eggs development and ability to set first egg batch without previous blood-feeding on a host. Autogeny developed in several groups of invertebrates mainly order Diptera and more rarely orders Heteroptera and Acari. It occurs mostly as an alternative possibility of development in case of unsuitable conditions or absence of hosts. This thesis includes present findings about autogeny among subfamily Phlebotominae and families Culicidae, Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae and Tabanidae. The thesis focuses on factors influencing autogeny such as nutrition during larval development, geographic and genetic factors, temperature and photoperiodic aspects. The thesis is targeted mostly on sandflies, important vectors of many pathogens, and on influence of autogeny on its vectorial potential. Key words: autogeny, ovarian development, Phlebotomus, Culicidae, Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, Tabanidae
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