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Development of Imaging Methods and its Importance to Biomechanics
Sedláček, Tomáš ; Houfek, Martin (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to collect all available literature, from which can reader obtain basic knowledge of imaging methods. The methods are divided by its origin into four categories: x-rays, magnetic resonance, ultrasound and nuclear medicine. Each of them is described from the historical, physics and technological view. At the end the importance of each method to medicine and biomechanics is summarized.
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HVAC of part of the hospital department
Pěnčíková, Monika ; Rubina, Aleš (referee) ; Hirš, Jiří (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the comprehensive design of a new workplace with instrumentation, and thus also the technical equipment of part of this hospital department. It will be modernized and equipped with new, more efficient devices. The construction work will take place within the interior of the building, with the exception of the replacement of windows and the installation of an HVAC unit on the roof. The affected spaces are marked in the drawing section and contain a SPECT x-ray examination room, a control room from where employees control the necessary equipment, an entrance hall, three patient changing rooms, a toilet or a patient background and a secondary examination room. The area in question is divided into two functional units. The theoretical part is devoted to hospitals, their definitions and divisions. Subsequently, I deal with radiology and the necessary technical background for the SPECT area in question.
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Synthesis of phosphono-bis(phosphinate) cyclam derivative
Chrappa, Michal ; Hermann, Petr (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee)
Radiopharmaceuticals containing copper isotopes can be used as diagnostic tools (methods PET, SPECT) or agents for tumour treatment. Copper radionuclides must be applied into the organism in the form of a coordination compound with suitable ligand. Derivatives of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) are some of the most suitable ligands for Cu (II). A coordination compound must be thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert, the ligand must coordinate the metal ion as quickly as possible. In this Diploma thesis, one of the first unsymmetrically substituted derivatives of cyclam has been synthesized using two methods of orthogonal protection. The synthesized ligand contains one phosphonate and one methylene bis(phosphinate) pendant arm. Copper complex of the ligand was prepared, and its acid assisted dissociation kinetics were studied.
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Contributionof SPECT againstwhole body bone scintigraphy
HOLUBOVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor thesis compares two of the main examination methods in nuclear medicine, which are SPECT and the whole body scintigraphy of the skeleton. At the whole body scintigraphy of the skeleton, some structures may overlap at different depths and thus they are not detectable. Whereas with SPECT these structures are displayed separately, their anatomical orientation is refined and the contrast of the focuses is increased. Experience shows, that number of pathological focuses, which are very well recognisable in the skeleton on the SPECT, may not be detected whatsoever or are poorly anatomically defined on the scintigraphic planar image. One research question is asked in this work: "In what percentage did SPECT brings new findings compared to the whole-body skeletal scintigraphy?" The given goal was fulfilled and the reasearch question was answerd. Images of anonymous patients with SPECT examination and whole-body scintigraphy of skeleton are used for the research, to compare the findings from the department of nuclear medicine at the hospital of České Budějovice.
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Cyclam-based bifunctional ligands for selective metal ion complexation
Hörnerová, Alžběta ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Havlíček, David (referee)
Recently, the increasing demand for targeting radiopharmaceuticals motiva- tes the research of bifunctional ligands which should be able to coordinate radiometal ion into a stable complex and also contains avalaible functional group for binding to a biological vector. Especially the wide range of copper radionuclides is sparking interest for potencial applications in diagnosis and therapy of tumorous diseases. The ligands of the cyclam family are one of the most suitable for Cu(II) complexation. Relatively small number of unsymmetrically trans-disubstituted derivates has been prepared be- cause of difficult and non-trivial synthesis of these compounds. In this Diploma thesis a new orthogonal protection of cyclam is presented as a possible route of preparation of these compounds. Through this intermediate a ligand with methylenephosphonate and methylene(p-aminobenzyl)phosphinate pendant arms was synthesized, copper complexes of the ligand were prepared and their isomerism and stability/inertness were studied. Keywords: PET, SPECT, radiotherapy, copper, bifunctional ligands, orthogonal pro- tection of cyclam. 1
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Functional and structural connectivity of human neocortex in epileptosurgery
Šulc, Vlastimil ; Hořínek, Daniel (advisor) ; Doležalová, Irena (referee) ; Tintěra, Jaroslav (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The presented dissertation deals with prognostic factors influencing a favorable postoperative outcome in patients undergoing surgical treatment of epilepsy and the possibilities of improving the methods used in the localization of epileptogenic lesions. This work is based on the results of four published studies. The first study evaluated the factors influencing the long-term outcomes of epilepsy surgery in MRI-negative (nonlesional) extratemporal lobe epilepsy (nETLE). The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefit of non-invasive diagnostic tests and their relationship with a favorable surgical outcome in a group nETLE patients. Univariate analysis showed that localized interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on the scalp EEG were associated with a favorable surgical outcome. Diagnostic difficulty in this group of patients is highlighted by the fact that, although 9 of 24 patients undergoing surgery had a favorable outcome, and only nine of 85 patients with nETLE achieved such a favorable outcome. The second work evaluated the benefit of SPECT (Single Photon Emission Tomography) statistical processing over traditional subtraction methods in patients with MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (nTLE) and MRI-negative extratemporal epilepsy (nETLE). 49 consecutive patients who underwent...
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Synthesis of asymetrically substituted derivatives of cyclam
Chrappa, Michal ; Hermann, Petr (advisor) ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (referee)
Copper radionuclides have a potential in nuclear medicine as diagnostic or therapeutic agents. Copper isotopes are used in the form of coordination compounds with various ligands, such as derivatives of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam). Properties of such complexes can be modified by pendant arms introduced on amino groups of cyclam. This thesis is aimed on the synthesis of asymmetrically substituted cyclam derivative with derivatives of phosphorous acids in 1,8- position. In spite of the fact, that the target ligand has not been successfully synthesised, various possibilities of substitution on diprotected cyclam were investigated. New possibilities of orthogonal protection of cyclam were found as well. Keywords: PET, SPECT, copper complexes, cyclam protection, phosphonic acids
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Functional and structural connectivity of human neocortex in epileptosurgery
Šulc, Vlastimil ; Hořínek, Daniel (advisor) ; Doležalová, Irena (referee) ; Tintěra, Jaroslav (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The presented dissertation deals with prognostic factors influencing a favorable postoperative outcome in patients undergoing surgical treatment of epilepsy and the possibilities of improving the methods used in the localization of epileptogenic lesions. This work is based on the results of four published studies. The first study evaluated the factors influencing the long-term outcomes of epilepsy surgery in MRI-negative (nonlesional) extratemporal lobe epilepsy (nETLE). The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefit of non-invasive diagnostic tests and their relationship with a favorable surgical outcome in a group nETLE patients. Univariate analysis showed that localized interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on the scalp EEG were associated with a favorable surgical outcome. Diagnostic difficulty in this group of patients is highlighted by the fact that, although 9 of 24 patients undergoing surgery had a favorable outcome, and only nine of 85 patients with nETLE achieved such a favorable outcome. The second work evaluated the benefit of SPECT (Single Photon Emission Tomography) statistical processing over traditional subtraction methods in patients with MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (nTLE) and MRI-negative extratemporal epilepsy (nETLE). 49 consecutive patients who underwent...
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Cyclam derivatives with coordinating bifunctional groups in 1,8 positions for selective copper(II) complexation
Hörnerová, Alžběta ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Pavel (referee)
Copper radionuclides are the object of increasing interest due to their advantageous properties for use in tumor diagnostics (PET, SPECT) and radiotherapy. In order to accomplish the best biodistribution the metal ion needs to be complexed by a suitable ligand attached to a biologically active molecule. The aim of this thesis is the synthesis of asymmetrically disubstituted derivatives of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecan (cyclam) with methylphosphonate and methylphosphinate pendant arms in 1,8 positions. Although the synthesis of designed ligands failed, the obtained knowledge will be used in further approaches of preparation of these compounds. Keywords: radiotherapy, SPECT, PET
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Algorithms for multimodal radiography with novel imaging detectors.
Tureček, Daniel ; Šefc, Luděk (advisor) ; Tlustos, Lukas (referee) ; Linhart, Vladimír (referee)
Medical imaging is a technique that allows us to visualize non surgically the internal structure of the human body in order to diagnose or treat medical conditions. It permits also monitoring of physical processes or functions of different organs inside the body. The medical imaging encompasses wide range of techniques based on different physical prin- ciples, including techniques using ionizing radiation. The quality of the images depends significantly on the quality of the used imaging detectors. There are many types of the detectors, from old analog devices (e.g. films) to fully digital detectors such as flat panels, that are the most widely used today. The newer technology is being developed and the techniques such as photon counting explored. However, the state of the art technology is the single photon counting, where the experimental detectors such as Medipix are able to count and process each individual photon. This works studies the properties, features and applications of the newest detector from the Medipix family Timepix3 in different imaging modalities. Firstly, a design of a new hardware readout interface for Timepix3 is presented together with data acquisition software and new analysis and calibration algorithms. Then, different applications of Timepix3 detector were explored: very...
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