|
|
Immunomodulatory properties of microbial components
Pavličová, Anna ; Kverka, Miloslav (advisor) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee)
The human body is inhabited by a complex composition of microorganisms. Particularly significant is the intestinal microbiota due to its profound effect on the development and function of the immune system. The ability of the host to defend against pathogens is kept by two important, interrelated components - the mucosal barrier and immune system. The barrier is composed of several layers (gut microbiota, mucus, epithelium, and immune cells) joined into one functional unit. Through its diverse array of structural components and metabolites, the gut microbiota interacts with the epithelium and mucosal immune system, confers to its induction, and modulates immune responses. Disruption of this interplay can contribute to pathogenesis of several diseases.
|
|
|
Immunoregulatory characteristics of immune cells of children of allergic and non-allergic mothers and the possibility of their modulation with probiotic E. coli strain O83:K24:H31
Černý, Viktor ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (referee) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
Due to high incidence, medical and socioeconomic burden and impact on individual quality of life and productivity, allergic disorders are a crucial issue for 21st century immunology. Much still remains to be elucidated, particularly regarding the very early processes in allergy development. In order to introduce timely, effective preventive measures, novel, more reliable predictive factors of allergy risk also need to be established. Dysregulation of proper balance between the branches of immune response, particularly unwarranted dominance of Th2, is the underlying cause of allergy. After birth, new immune balance needs to be established to prepare the neonate for adequate reactivity towards newly encountered environmental stimuli. Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a central role in finely setting this balance and inducing tolerance towards harmless environmental antigens, including allergens. Interactions with external factors, most importantly microbiota, modulate this process during the early postnatal "window of opportunity." Analysis of cord blood Treg of children of allergic mothers uncovered decreased presence of function-associated surface markers and lower production of IL-10. Furthermore, decreased proportion of Helios- induced Treg was observed in children with higher risk of allergy....
|
guest ::
