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Comparative analysis of the regimes of Adnan Menderes and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the impacts of the military coups on their reign.
Jordán, Roman ; Brisku, Adrian (advisor) ; Kubát, Michal (referee)
1 Abstract In several public appearances, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has claimed the legacy of Adnan Menderes, describing him as a martyr of democracy who was the first to oppose Kemalist rule in the country and vowed to complete his mission. The aim of this work is to verify how legitimate is this comparison of Erdoğan to the first freely elected prime minister of modern Turkey, Menderes, by means of a comparative analysis of both seemingly different regimes. At the same time, both regimes faced military coups, the legitimately elected DP government fell, and Menderes was executed, while Tayyip Erdoğan's regime fended off a coup attempt and further consolidated its power over the country. The secondary goal is to compare the causes of these military coups, what factors decided the different fate of the two politicians and to briefly evaluate the consequences. This diachronic comparison provides possible insights for understanding the preferences of the Turkish electorate and the specific dynamics of politics there. In the introductory part, the theoretical framework is defined, in which key concepts are presented, which will be used in the subsequent comparative analysis. In the case of populism, democracy and the theory of authoritarian and hybrid regimes, these concepts are first introduced in general and then...
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Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdogan Era
Hurych, Vladimír ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdoğan era Author: Vladimír Hurych Abstract In November 2002, the new emerging Justice and Development Party (AKP) experienced a landmark electoral victory that significantly rewrote the prevailing domestic and foreign policy identity. The Islam-based AKP and its leaders Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Abdullah Gül and Ahmet Davutoğlu initiated a massive transformation of the Turkish society imposing economic market-oriented reforms and emphasizing the role of democratic institutions and the potential EU membership. AKP establishment also adopted a new foreign policy identity - the neo-Ottomanism. The concept has a background in 1990's strategy of former President Turgut Özal who emphasized the historical, cultural and religious heritage of the Ottoman Empire. Based on domestic changing identity, AKP's neo-Ottomanism served as an ideological tool how to transform its foreign policy identity with using the Islamic narrative and soft power tools. The thesis analyses how the new establishment of 2000's redefined the role of Turkey regarding its geopolitical position in the Middle East. Turkey has been emphasizing its strategic role as a regional power on the crossroads of many cultures and geopolitical interests. The question is how and whether the AKP...
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Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdogan Era
Hurych, Vladimír ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdoğan era Author: Vladimír Hurych Abstract In November 2002, the new emerging Justice and Development Party (AKP) experienced a landmark electoral victory that significantly rewrote the prevailing domestic and foreign policy identity. The Islam-based AKP and its leaders Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Abdullah Gül and Ahmet Davutoğlu initiated a massive transformation of the Turkish society imposing economic market-oriented reforms and emphasizing the role of democratic institutions and the potential EU membership. AKP establishment also adopted a new foreign policy identity - the neo-Ottomanism. The concept has a background in 1990's strategy of former President Turgut Özal who emphasized the historical, cultural and religious heritage of the Ottoman Empire. Based on domestic changing identity, AKP's neo-Ottomanism served as an ideological tool how to transform its foreign policy identity with using the Islamic narrative and soft power tools. The thesis analyses how the new establishment of 2000's redefined the role of Turkey regarding its geopolitical position in the Middle East. Turkey has been emphasizing its strategic role as a regional power on the crossroads of many cultures and geopolitical interests. The question is how and whether the AKP...
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