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Draft of educational materials for the subject basics of radiopharmacy for higher vocational medical schools with certified pharmaceutical assistant study program
Novák, Pavel ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
The thesis addresses the topic of nuclear medicine and radiopharmacy, focusing on creating suitable educational materials in this field for the "Certified Pharmaceutical Assistant" study program. The theoretical part includes a description of the pharmaceutical assistant's role and basic information about nuclear medicine. These insights lead into the key chapter of this work, namely radiopharmacy and the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals. The empirical part of the thesis consists of two questionnaire surveys. The first section of the empirical part consists of a questionnaire aimed at teachers who teach subjects focused on radiopharmacy for the "Certified Pharmaceutical Assistant" study program. The second section of the empirical part consists of a questionnaire among students in their final year of the mentioned program. Both questionnaires aim to gather information on the pedagogical reality of subjects focused on radiopharmacy and simultaneously collect suggestions for improving teaching for future students. It was found that only 28,6 % of the surveyed teachers use teaching methods other than just frontal teaching. Furthermore, it was discovered that none of the 56 surveyed students plan to work in a radiopharmaceutical preparation laboratory. Based on these findings, 13 educational...
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Ethical questions in the work of radiation protection specialists
HÝBLOVÁ, Marie
This thesis deals with the ethical decision-making of radiation protection professionals in accordance with the Decree 422/2016 Coll. on Radiation Protection and the Atomic Act 263/2016 Coll. The aim of the thesis is to identify and specify the ethical problems encountered by radiation protection professionals (e.g. radiation protection officers, inspectors of the SNPP, etc.), to analyse ethical issues and dilemmas in this field and to find answers. The theoretical framework focuses on the concept of ethics, its development, history and a detailed description of the different ethical orientations. It then goes on to cover the basic ethical values in the radiation protection system, procedural ethical values, principles of radiation protection, protection from external exposure, monitoring, incidents, accidents and their assessment, preparedness and response. The radiation protection chapter also includes a description of the infrastructure of the radiation protection system. The theoretical part of the thesis also includes a description of organisations dealing with radiation protection in the Czech Republic and organisations dealing with radiation protection in the world context. The empirical research was conducted through a questionnaire survey and structured interviews that were completed by radiation protection personnel. The research results were evaluated using qualitative methods. The research questions were designed by asking respondents about their attitudes towards ethical issues in radiation protection and their experiences and views on aspects of working in this field. The research results were then interpreted to analyse the ethical issues and dilemmas faced by radiation protection professionals in their work. The thesis focuses on identifying key aspects of ethical decision-making in radiation protection and explores ways to improve current practices and policies. Subsequent results provide important insights into professionals' attitudes towards ethical issues. The conclusion of the research highlights that radiation protection requires an integrated approach that respects the diverse approaches of professionals in this field. Transparent communication and public participation are key to successful radiation protection strategies.
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Production and Preparation of Radiopharmaceuticals from the Perspective of Radiation Protection
HYKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor's thesis summarizes knowledge regarding the entire process of providing radiopharmaceuticals for the purposes of positron emission tomography, from the production of radionuclides, through their transport to the nuclear medicine department, preparation of radiopharmaceuticals and their administration to the patient, especially from the point of view of radiation protection of workers. It describes what the principles of radiation protection in the field of nuclear medicine are in terms of the applicable legislation and how their application looks like in practice.
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Overview and analysis of follow-up actions based on nuclear power plants stress-test results in the Czech Republic and world-wide
Ludvík, Lubomír ; bezpečnost, Ondřej Šťastný, Státní úřad pro jadernou (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of the stress tests as a reaction to Fukushima accident. Nuclear safety and control systems are generally described in different modes. Fukushima accident is analyzed and described in details. Special attention is focused on the final results and lessons learnt as the background for stress tests goals. The main part of the thesis are the stress tests at all NPP in the European Union overview. Scope of tests was focused on resistance to extreme environmental conditions, a complete loss of safety systems and actions with solution of the severe accidents, including reactor core melting and subsequent effects. The Czech NPPs are discussed in detail, the others in particular way. Finally, recommendations that will be implemented within a few years are summarized. It will strengthen the management of severe accidents beyond the design basic events.
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Calculation of efficient dose rtg diagnostic irradiation
Bažantová, Lucie ; Drastich, Aleš (referee) ; Rozman, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals primarily with the theory of ionizing radiation and its interaction with matter. It deals particularly with x-radiation and the methods of its use in medicine. The thesis contains a description of the origin of the x-ray image and a description of the techniques of radiography and skiascopy. A list of quantities and units used in radiation physics and in radiation protection has been set out, with regard to assessing the risk involved in the interaction of x-radiation with an organism. In particular, the effective dose and the methods of evaluating this during medical irradiation have been set out. The main parts of the work are an overview of the software environment used in radiation physics and an example of the calculation of an effective dose for a concrete radiographic examination together with a detailed description of the method of calculation. At the end of the thesis there is a table of calculated values and an evaluation of them.
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Radioactive Waste in Hospital Facilities
Bradáč, Antonín ; Houdková, Lucie (referee) ; Tabasová, Andrea (advisor)
The thesis is focused on a little-known issue of institutional waste produced by hospitals, the creation, collection and subsequent disposal. This thesis described the distribution of waste from various aspects, especially the characteristics and their subsequent use in the effective elimination. This thesis deals with not only this issue, but trying to get closer to negative impact of ionizing radiation on the human body, not only in the current level of radiation protection, but also in terms of the historical development of different sources and work with them, especially in connection with the use of ionizing radiation in normal human activity but also through the list of nuclear accidents. The practical part of this thesis compares the three types of hospitals primarily on the basis of a personal meeting with the heads of various departments involved in the management of institutional waste, and materials derived their visit. Specifically, the hospital Atlas and Tomas Bata Regional Hospital (both situated in Zlin) and specialized workplace Masaryk cancer institute in Brno.
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Effect of a nuclear power plant in terms of radiatin burden
Vániš, Jiří ; Procházka, Zdeněk (referee) ; Belatka, Martin (advisor)
This text deals with ionizing radiation affecting nuclear power plant personnel and surrounding population. Irradiation limits of radiological industry personnel are also mentioned along with ways of protecting them and checks on absorbed ionizing radiation dose. In conclusion, a nuclear power plant, as a source of ionizing radiation, and its effects on contamination of water sources and gas vents are evaluated. The next part be engaged problematical of storage nuclear waste from the time, when is removed the nuclear waste from nuclear reactor, trough permanent storage.
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Design of Intelligent Network Module for 2D Radiation Data Acquisition
Lelek, Martin ; Polášková, Lenka (referee) ; Wilfert, Otakar (advisor)
This thesis describes about theoretical design and practical realization of self-contained module for intensity and absorbed dose measuring of X-Radiation from High Voltage X-RAY industrial sources. In the first part, thesis is focused on ways and solutions of radiation protection and principles of measuring absorbed dose and intensity of radiation and possibilities of sending measured data through sensor networks. In the second part, the complete schematic of measuring module is solved, critical blocks are tested and design of PCB is done. Detection circuit, blocks for optical and acoustic signaling, power management and control of the entire device are designed. Detection circuit uses a GM Tube. Next, main box of whole device is designed and made by 3D printing technology. The next step is putting hardware into operation and writing test firmware included verification of wireless communication through WiFi.
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Estimation of average doses of the population of the Czech Republic from medical sources
ŠÍPOVÁ, Aneta
The intention of my diploma thesis was estimate the effective doses from different examinations in the area of the nuclear medicine and radiodiagnosis and find out what numbers are of the examinations in the Czech republic. In the theoretical part I worked with the professional literature, the applicable legal regulations and the internet links. The diploma thesis on the topic "Estimation of average doses of the population of the Czech republic from medical sources" is partition to the two parts. The introductory part of the theoretical work is dedicated to the importance of medical radiation within radiological methods and to the brief description the whole thesis. In the other part od the thesis are summarized the informations about the ionizing radiation - about his history, species, sources, interactions with the environment and biological effects on the organism. In the other part of the thesis which is devoted to radiation protection is listed the basic czech legislation which relates on the given topic. Further are in this thesis within the radiation protection listed her objectives, conception, principles, radiation protection methods, radiation monitoring and basic monitored quantities which are important in terms of the radiation protection. In the last part of the theoretical thesis is listed the medical radiation and his possibilities of use in the medical. In this thesis were to established three objectives. The first objective was to estimate the average effective doses in various examinations in the nuclear medicine and the radiodiagnosis. For selected examinations was calculated the average effective dose for patients who underwent the selected examination in January 2022. In the framework of nuclear medicine, it was an skeletal scintigraphy (96 patients), myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (51 patients), perfusion and ventilation lung scintigraphy (166 patients) and dynamic renal scintigraphy (12 patients). The results of these examinations were compared with data listed in UNSCEAR Report 2020/2021. In the famework of the radiodiagnosis, it was an CT brain natively (226 patients), abdominal CT natively (91 patients), CT chest native (33 patients) and CT of the lumbrar spine natively (46 patients). The results of these examinations were compared with data listed in UNSCEAR Report 2020/2021 and the results listed in the document "Medical radiation assessment" released by the SÚJB in the year 2021. The second objective was to find out how are numbers of examinations mentioned above in Czech republic. For this purpose I was provided with data from ÚZIS. Within this objective were estimated the collective effective doses. The third objective was estimated the relative probability of emergence of stochastic effects (the cancer). For this purpose was used the program named X-ray risk.
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on work in radiology departments in selected hospitals in the Czech Republic
DOBIÁŠOVÁ, Marcela
In March 2020, the first patients with the disease COVID-19 began to appear in the Czech Republic, therefore measures had to be taken to protect both hospital workers and patients. Hospitals also had to respond to this situation,as health care providers. With the increasing incidence of the epidemic, covid units were created in hospitals, often at the expense of regular beds, but sometimes even entire departments. These restrictions also affected work in the radiology departments, where there were restrictions on planned examinations. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on work in radiology departments and at the same time to analyze and structure examinations in radiology departments in the period from March 2019 to February 2021 in selected hospitals. In the theoretical part of the thesis, terms from the radiology department are defined, especially examination methods, contrast agents are described and divided, as well as their side effects. The next part is devoted to the principles of radiation protection, its use in the healthcare sector, the protection of radiological workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, the last chapter of the theoretical part presents the findings so far about the causative agent of the disease COVID-19, as well as the use of protective equipment. The research part introduces the results of a questionnaire survey among 64 respondents, describes what measures the hospital took to protect staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The provided data on the number and structure of examinations from individual hospitals was evaluated and analyzed. 86 % of respondents answered that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the number and structure of examinations.
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