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Military coup as a distinctive feature of Turkish military, the changing civil-military relations, and the current position of the Turkish army
Tkadlečková, Daniela ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
The July military coup attempt in 2016 forced the Turkish nation to decide, whether it would follow examples of Republic's past and support the coup, or whether it would turn away from the army, thus giving up on the traditional perception of the army as a guardian of secularism and values on which Atatürk built the Republic. This work analyses how the Turkish civil-military relations changed, what factors influenced this change and how the Turkish society currently perceives the army. The research focused on four interventions staged by the army in the 20th century, as well as on the July coup attempt. Military coup is understood as a specific feature of the Turkish army and it is examined based on the theory of praetorianism; the coups in Turkey are then being presented as interventions, that were repeated not only based on army's determination to protect stability and the Republic as such, but also based on the nation's acceptance of the interventions which did perceive the army as a last resort. Furthermore, the work presents reasons, which played a crucial role in the transformation of civil-military relations in the beginning of 21st century, and it compares, how the perception of army by the Turkish nation was changing before and after the July coup attempt.
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The Military component of the Counterrevolution - Egypt case- The root causes of the deep-state and its military hardcore counterattack against Egypt uprising.
Saad, Mohamed ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
In the course of time, the Egyptian army has developed a complicated network of economic interests as a privileged establishment, and independent from civilian oversight or political surveillance. This dissertation argues that; the well-established and long lasting independent economic interests may turn the military establishment to an independent stakeholder and closed, conservative group within the society seeks to preserve its own privileges by controlling over the political power and resist any external oversight including the democratic reforms that may create a threat to these privileges. Such military establishment is a direct threat to any democratic transition. In this case, the armies securitize the political sphere raising the democratic reforms as foreign conspiracy and an existential threat to its privileges and raise the nationalism and xenophobic rhetoric as it needs to create a political justification for their security practices that aim to crush the opposition and secure the political power. I suppose that the Egyptian case shows causal relations between the economic interests of the military establishment and the nationalism as a dominant ideology. Such military is leaning to not only control the political power, but it aims to militarize the societal values and control over the...
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The Military component of the Counterrevolution - Egypt case- The root causes of the deep-state and its military hardcore counterattack against Egypt uprising.
Saad, Mohamed ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
In the course of time, the Egyptian army has developed a complicated network of economic interests as a privileged establishment, and independent from civilian oversight or political surveillance. This dissertation argues that; the well-established and long lasting independent economic interests may turn the military establishment to an independent stakeholder and closed, conservative group within the society seeks to preserve its own privileges by controlling over the political power and resist any external oversight including the democratic reforms that may create a threat to these privileges. Such military establishment is a direct threat to any democratic transition. In this case, the armies securitize the political sphere raising the democratic reforms as foreign conspiracy and an existential threat to its privileges and raise the nationalism and xenophobic rhetoric as it needs to create a political justification for their security practices that aim to crush the opposition and secure the political power. I suppose that the Egyptian case shows causal relations between the economic interests of the military establishment and the nationalism as a dominant ideology. Such military is leaning to not only control the political power, but it aims to militarize the societal values and control over the...
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Military coup as a distinctive feature of Turkish military, the changing civil-military relations, and the current position of the Turkish army
Tkadlečková, Daniela ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
The July military coup attempt in 2016 forced the Turkish nation to decide, whether it would follow examples of Republic's past and support the coup, or whether it would turn away from the army, thus giving up on the traditional perception of the army as a guardian of secularism and values on which Atatürk built the Republic. This work analyses how the Turkish civil-military relations changed, what factors influenced this change and how the Turkish society currently perceives the army. The research focused on four interventions staged by the army in the 20th century, as well as on the July coup attempt. Military coup is understood as a specific feature of the Turkish army and it is examined based on the theory of praetorianism; the coups in Turkey are then being presented as interventions, that were repeated not only based on army's determination to protect stability and the Republic as such, but also based on the nation's acceptance of the interventions which did perceive the army as a last resort. Furthermore, the work presents reasons, which played a crucial role in the transformation of civil-military relations in the beginning of 21st century, and it compares, how the perception of army by the Turkish nation was changing before and after the July coup attempt.
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States without Armed Forces: A Comparative Case Study of Demilitarization in Panama and Costa Rica
Sponták, Tomáš ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This thesis is focused on countries which do not have their own armies, especially those which had an army in the past but decided to abolish it. The main part of the thesis is a comparison of two particular countries - Panama and Costa Rica - having undergone a process of demilitarization in the last century. The thesis aims to identify factors which conditioned a contradictory post-demilitarization development of the respective countries and clarify their motivation to abolish their armies. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first one is to introduce the contemporary army-less countries to a reader. Second chapter, the theoretical one, deals with praetorianism - a situation when an army becomes a dominant element of the executive and the society as a whole. Chapters number three and four are detailed case studies of Panama and Costa Rica.
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