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Kalibrace fluorescenčních detektorů kosmického záření s použitím astronomických metod
Kotíková, Irena ; Prouza, Michael (advisor) ; Šmída, Radomír (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the possibilities of a new method of astronomical calibration at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Its goal is to use stars as objects with known brightness to calibrate the fluorescence detectors and compare these results with the existing calibration. The analysis was done using computer programs which use the star catalog and experimental background data to compare the current calibration with our method. Results that are presented conclude that the calibration using stars is consistent with the existing calibration, however, the error of the new method is much higher. Nevertheless, there is a good potential for scale - it could be used for all past and future data. Potential improvements to this method and its error are suggested.
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Cosmic ray showers with anomalous longitudinal profile
Blažek, Jiří ; Trávníček, Petr (advisor) ; Davídek, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Cosmic Ray Showers with Anomalous Longitudinal Profile Author: Jiří Blažek Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Supervisor: RNDr. Petr Trávníček, Ph.D., Institute of Physics ASCR Abstract: The aim of this work was to study high-energy cosmic ray showers with anomalous longitudinal profiles generated by Monte-Carlo simulation and subse- quently use the acquired analysis techniques on results from the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) in Argentina. Firstly, a short introduction of various de- scriptions of the extensive air showers was given. Then a systematic analysis was performed on approx. 7 × 105 simulated showers with three different tech- niques. A brief explanation of the functionality of the PAO was given, then the importance of monitoring the immediate state of the atmosphere using the Shoot- the-Shower program was elucidated and the FRAM telescope was described in detail. FRAM enabled an identification of showers with a clear atmospheric back- ground, this sample of showers was then analyzed and several interesting events warranting a further study were chosen. Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, Extensive Air Showers, Chemical Compo- sition, Anomalous Longitudinal Profile, Gaisser-Hillas Function
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Study of Interactions of Cosmic Rays at Ultra-high Energies
Nečesal, Petr
This thesis is dedicated to study of interactions of utra-high energy cosmic rays using measured data from the Pierre Auger Observatory, automatic alarm system called Shift Guard and analysis of correlation of temperature and detector response. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest experiment to study ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The assumed relation between temperature and fluorescence detector response is studied together with descriptive temperature analysis, which shows that the air-conditioning system is not able to stabilize temperature enough. The temperature influence on camera response is investigated in order to measure the calibration correction factor. Shift Guard - the alarm system dedicated to protect fluorescence detectors and data taking is introduced and its functionality is described. The alarm system informs shifters about some events and situations that can endanger detector or deteriorate data quality. The basic parameters and alarm system logic are described together with light and sound signals. The discrepancy between measured and predicted number of muons at ground level calculated by EAS generators is showed and possible sources of this disagree- ment are studied. The result of massive dark photons decay in EAS as one of exotic muon source is presented. The analysis...
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Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays using Cherenkov-dominated data at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Novotný, Vladimír ; Nosek, Dalibor (advisor)
This thesis presents the energy spectrum of cosmic rays deduced from Cherenkov-dominated data measured by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Cherenkov-dominated events, used in the energy spectrum analysis at the Observatory for the first time, enable to decrease the energy threshold for the spectrum measurement down to 1015.5 eV. This energy is more than one order of magnitude lower than in preceding studies. The fluorescence detector was originally designed to detect the fluorescence light generated by extensive air showers in a hybrid mode with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The reconstruction of events dom- inated by Cherenkov light is available due to a newly developed reconstruc- tion technique, the profile constrained geometry fit. Its implementation in the Pierre Auger Observatory software is documented. Aspects of the energy spectrum analysis are described. They consist of exposure calculations done with the use of extensive Monte Carlo simulations, unfolding of the detec- tor effects, and inferring the invisible energy correction in the energy region below 1017 eV. Systematic uncertainties of the measurement are estimated. 1
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Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays using Cherenkov-dominated data at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Novotný, Vladimír ; Nosek, Dalibor (advisor)
This thesis presents the energy spectrum of cosmic rays deduced from Cherenkov-dominated data measured by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Cherenkov-dominated events, used in the energy spectrum analysis at the Observatory for the first time, enable to decrease the energy threshold for the spectrum measurement down to 1015.5 eV. This energy is more than one order of magnitude lower than in preceding studies. The fluorescence detector was originally designed to detect the fluorescence light generated by extensive air showers in a hybrid mode with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The reconstruction of events dom- inated by Cherenkov light is available due to a newly developed reconstruc- tion technique, the profile constrained geometry fit. Its implementation in the Pierre Auger Observatory software is documented. Aspects of the energy spectrum analysis are described. They consist of exposure calculations done with the use of extensive Monte Carlo simulations, unfolding of the detec- tor effects, and inferring the invisible energy correction in the energy region below 1017 eV. Systematic uncertainties of the measurement are estimated. 1
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Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays using Cherenkov-dominated data at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Novotný, Vladimír ; Nosek, Dalibor (advisor) ; Spousta, Martin (referee) ; Šmída, Radomír (referee)
This thesis presents the energy spectrum of cosmic rays deduced from Cherenkov-dominated data measured by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Cherenkov-dominated events, used in the energy spectrum analysis at the Observatory for the first time, enable to decrease the energy threshold for the spectrum measurement down to 1015.5 eV. This energy is more than one order of magnitude lower than in preceding studies. The fluorescence detector was originally designed to detect the fluorescence light generated by extensive air showers in a hybrid mode with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The reconstruction of events dom- inated by Cherenkov light is available due to a newly developed reconstruc- tion technique, the profile constrained geometry fit. Its implementation in the Pierre Auger Observatory software is documented. Aspects of the energy spectrum analysis are described. They consist of exposure calculations done with the use of extensive Monte Carlo simulations, unfolding of the detec- tor effects, and inferring the invisible energy correction in the energy region below 1017 eV. Systematic uncertainties of the measurement are estimated. 1
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Energy spectrum and chemical composition of cosmic rays
Šalko, Jakub ; Nosek, Dalibor (advisor) ; Vícha, Jakub (referee)
A combined analysis of the energy spectrum and the chemical composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays in the energy range from 1017.55 to 1019.25 eV ob- served by Pierre Auger Observatory is presented. Six different sets of primaries are considered with allowed particle fractions being determined by provided cal- culations. These calculations are based on simple assumptions about the energy spectra of primary particles and the evolution of the depth of shower maximum with energy. A simple power-law behaviour of particle spectra proved to be in- sufficient for describing the ankle in the observed all-particle energy spectrum. Assuming a broken power-law behaviour is able to reconstruct the observed all- particle energy spectrum with its ankle and the mean of the depth of shower maximum data with its break in each considered set. Including the spread of the depth of the shower maximum into calculations as quality checks suggest that provided calculations do not satisfy all relevant observables linked with chemical composition. 1
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Study of Interactions of Cosmic Rays at Ultra-high Energies
Nečesal, Petr
This thesis is dedicated to study of interactions of utra-high energy cosmic rays using measured data from the Pierre Auger Observatory, automatic alarm system called Shift Guard and analysis of correlation of temperature and detector response. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest experiment to study ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The assumed relation between temperature and fluorescence detector response is studied together with descriptive temperature analysis, which shows that the air-conditioning system is not able to stabilize temperature enough. The temperature influence on camera response is investigated in order to measure the calibration correction factor. Shift Guard - the alarm system dedicated to protect fluorescence detectors and data taking is introduced and its functionality is described. The alarm system informs shifters about some events and situations that can endanger detector or deteriorate data quality. The basic parameters and alarm system logic are described together with light and sound signals. The discrepancy between measured and predicted number of muons at ground level calculated by EAS generators is showed and possible sources of this disagree- ment are studied. The result of massive dark photons decay in EAS as one of exotic muon source is presented. The analysis...
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Study of Interactions of Cosmic Rays at Ultra-high Energies
Nečesal, Petr ; Řídký, Jan (advisor) ; Vorobel, Vít (referee) ; Wagner, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis is dedicated to study of interactions of utra-high energy cosmic rays using measured data from the Pierre Auger Observatory, automatic alarm system called Shift Guard and analysis of correlation of temperature and detector response. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest experiment to study ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The assumed relation between temperature and fluorescence detector response is studied together with descriptive temperature analysis, which shows that the air-conditioning system is not able to stabilize temperature enough. The temperature influence on camera response is investigated in order to measure the calibration correction factor. Shift Guard - the alarm system dedicated to protect fluorescence detectors and data taking is introduced and its functionality is described. The alarm system informs shifters about some events and situations that can endanger detector or deteriorate data quality. The basic parameters and alarm system logic are described together with light and sound signals. The discrepancy between measured and predicted number of muons at ground level calculated by EAS generators is showed and possible sources of this disagree- ment are studied. The result of massive dark photons decay in EAS as one of exotic muon source is presented. The analysis...
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Cosmic ray showers with anomalous longitudinal profile
Blažek, Jiří ; Trávníček, Petr (advisor) ; Davídek, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Cosmic Ray Showers with Anomalous Longitudinal Profile Author: Jiří Blažek Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Supervisor: RNDr. Petr Trávníček, Ph.D., Institute of Physics ASCR Abstract: The aim of this work was to study high-energy cosmic ray showers with anomalous longitudinal profiles generated by Monte-Carlo simulation and subse- quently use the acquired analysis techniques on results from the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) in Argentina. Firstly, a short introduction of various de- scriptions of the extensive air showers was given. Then a systematic analysis was performed on approx. 7 × 105 simulated showers with three different tech- niques. A brief explanation of the functionality of the PAO was given, then the importance of monitoring the immediate state of the atmosphere using the Shoot- the-Shower program was elucidated and the FRAM telescope was described in detail. FRAM enabled an identification of showers with a clear atmospheric back- ground, this sample of showers was then analyzed and several interesting events warranting a further study were chosen. Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, Extensive Air Showers, Chemical Compo- sition, Anomalous Longitudinal Profile, Gaisser-Hillas Function
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