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Exploring correlation between vegetation indices and plant nitrogen uptake
Pavlačková, Alena ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Nadměrné hnojení může způsobit znečištění životního prostředí, jako je kontaminace vody a emise skleníkových plynů, a také ekonomické ztráty. Ke zmírnění těchto problémů je důležité přizpůsobit míru hnojení specifickým potřebám plodin. Ve své práci se zabývám možností využití dálkově snímaných vegetačních indexů pro monitorování příjmu dusíku rostlinami a řízení aplikace hnojiv. Měření byla provedena v Oensingenu, Švýcarsku, během stáže na ETH Zürich. Hlavním cílem bylo vyvinout predikční model založený na vegetačních indexech k odhadu příjmu dusíku travní směsi a ozimé pšenice. Dále byla analyzována korelace mezi různými vegetačními indexy a charakteristikami plodin, především příjmu dusíku. Vegetační indexy (NDVI, NDRE, GNDVI, MCARI, EVI) byly získány ze snímků družice Sentinel-2 pomocí Google Earth Engine. Byly změřeny různé charakteristiky plodin, včetně indexu listové plochy (LAI) a výšky plodin, a vzorky ozimé pšenice byly analyzovány na příjem dusíku pomocí elementárního analyzátoru. Do analýzy byla také zahrnuta další data týkající se příjmu dusíku travin z předchozích let. Celkem byla v analýze použita data z let 2021–2023, která zahrnovala hodnoty pro travní směs i ozimou pšenici. Byly provedeny korelační a regresní analýzy k určení vztahů mezi vegetačními indexy a měřenými charakteristikami plodin. Index, který vykazoval nejsilnější vztah s příjmem dusíku plodin, byl poté využit k vytvoření predikčního modelu. Analýza ukázala, že Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) byl nejúčinnějším prediktorem příjmu dusíku. Vytvořený predikční model založený na hodnotách EVI dosáhl vysokého koeficientu determinace (R$^2$) 0,89, nízké směrodatné odchylky chyb (RMSE) 1,05 a průměrné absolutní odchylky (MAE) 0,89. Výsledky naznačují, že EVI je spolehlivým indexem pro predikci příjmu dusíku plodinami. Vyvinutý model založený na EVI by mohl být potenciálně použit k optimalizaci aplikace dusíkatých hnojiv na plodiny, což by pomohlo snížit negativní environmentální a ekonomické dopady nadměrného hnojení.
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The influence of nitrogen fertilization on the wheat quality
DVOŘÁK, František
The theme of this Diploma's thesis was wheat grain quality parameters as a function of nitrogen fertilization. For this purpose, four varieties of winter wheat were chosen (Crossway, Megan, Kalbex and Bonanza) and small scale experiment was coducted on the grounds of the South Bohemian University in Ceske Budejovice. The monitored indicators were the quantity of ear per m2, quantity of grain in the ear, weight of thousand grains, yield of individual varieties, content of nitrogen substances, wet gluten content, sedimentation value and falling number. The nitrogen fertilization rates were set as follows: 50 kg.ha-1, 90 kg.ha-1, 120 kg.ha-1.
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Influence of increased carbon dioxide concentration on grain protein composition in early and late wheat variety
Smrčková, Kamila ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the effect of increased CO2 concentration (700 ppm) on the content and composition of wheat grain proteins in early (Avenue) and late (Tobak) wheat varieties. Three methods were used to determine the proteins in wheat grain: the Kjeldahl determination of crude protein content, the determination of wet gluten, and finally the gravimetric determination of gliadins and glutenins after extraction. A different response of the varieties to the increased CO2 concentration was found. The early Avenue variety was much more sensitive to the effects of increased CO2 concentrations. The gliadin content decreased, while the glutenin content increased with increasing CO2 concentration. The total gluten protein content increased in elevated CO2 concentration, independently of nitrogen fertilization. Its content correlates in our work with the content of wet gluten.
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Impact of nitrogen fertilization and drought on gliadins content in winter wheat
Odstrčilová, Eva ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the impacts of both nitrogen fertilization and drought on the content of proteins of the gliadin fraction in case of a winter wheat variety Tiguan were observed. Selected samples were cultivated at two locations in a total duration of two years. Two different conditions were selected: one without the nitrogen fertilization (0 kg N/ ha) and the other with the nitrogen fertilization in 140 kg N/ ha concentration. Second observed factor was the drought which was ensured by roofs above the crops and their cultivation in common climatic environment. Gliadin fraction was separated by the A-PAGE method and the protein quantification carried out by a computer densitometry. Such nitrogen fertilization caused a significant increase of gliadins, especially -1,2 and -5 fractions. Stress induced by the drought caused an increase of gliadin content compared to the control sample, particularly in case of - and - fractions. The most important factor influencing the gliadin content in grains was therefore the nitrogen fertilization in a dry environment. The observed increase of gliadin content was lower in case of the sample which was fertilized in a humid environment than in case of the sample which was fertilized in the dry one.
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Impact of nitrogen fertilization and drought on glutenins content in winter wheat
Vostrejš, Pavel ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis the effects of nitrogen fertilization and drought stress on glutenin fraction of winter wheat (Triticum aestitivum L.) were studied. Winter wheat cultivar Tiguan was grown under different rainfall mode, on the one hand in drought (DRY), on the other hand in normal downfall (WET). Part of the samples was treated with nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 140 kg / ha (N140), the other part remained without fertilization (N0). After the gliadins were separated, the glutenins from the samples were extracted with 50% isopropanol with 1% DTT. Individual glutenin fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE and quantified by computer densitometry. The drought did not have a statistically significant effect on any of the glutenin subunits. Nitrogen fertilization caused an increase in the total amount of glutenin as well as the amount of individual subunits. Interaction of water regime treatment and fertilization has not led to an increase in glutenin levels in HMW 3 GS and LMW 5 GS in DRY conditions.
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Changes in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat with different lengths of vegetation time depending on nitrogen fertilization with drought interaction.
Francová, Marie ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the influence of the nitrogen fertilization and drought on the change in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat Avenue and Tobac was studied. These two genotypes differ in vegetation time length. Half of the plants were fertilized using nitrogen fertilizer at 200 kg N/ha. One third of the plants were cultured under the conditions of early drought (in bloom season), other one third was grown under the conditions of of late drought (grain filling season), and last third was grown under the conditions of natural irrigation. Individual gliadin fractions were separated by using A-PAGE method and their content quantified by computer densitometry. Our results have shown increase in gliadin fractions content after nitrogen fertilization. Early drought itself caused significant increase in the levels of -gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early and late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization increased levels of gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization had no effect on Avenue genotype, except of -gliadin fractions which decreased significantly. Late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization caused significant increase in gliadin content in Avenue genotype. The highest increase in gliadin content was observed in fraction -5 of the Tobac variety during interaction nitrogen fertilization with late drought.
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Vliv formy a termínu aplikace dusíkato-sirného hnojiva na výnos a kvalitu ozimé pšenice
Kala, Petr
This thesis deals with the fertilization of nitrogen-sulphur fertilizers in different forms and terms of application and assesses their effect on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. To find out the results was carried out a small-plot field experiment in Žabčice and Vatín. In the experiment were used these nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer: DASA, MAGNISUL and DASAMAG. Mentioned fertilizers were rotate as part of regenerative and the first production fertilizing with LAD. The LAD fertilizer was used for the control variant. In the second production fertilizing was used DAM-390 in all variants. The results of the field experiment were statically conclusive in all the evaluated criteria only in the comparison of the location. Statistical conclusive was not detected in the investigated factor “Variant of fertilization”. These results were significantly affected by the unfavorable course of the weather in the 2017/2018 growing season.
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Ověření účinnosti různých inhibitorů nitrifikace v hnojivu DASA na výnos a kvalitu zrna pšenice ozimé
Kvita, Martin
The bachelor thesis deals with the effect of different nitrification inhibitors in the fertilizer DASA on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The practical part was solved in the form of a small-plot field experiment at the Field Experimental Station Žabčice in the 2021/2022 growing season. The parameters were assessed: the grain yield, the hectoliter weight of the grain, the content of protein and gluten in the grain and the Zeleny test. The fertilizer variants included in the experiment were: 1. DASA (control variant without inhibitors), 2. DASA + MPCAA 1, 3. DASA + MPCAA 2, 4. DASA + DMPP, 5. DASA + DMPPA, 6. DASA + MPA 1, 7. DASA + MPA 2. Winter wheat grain yield was not statistically significant. The highest average value was achieved by variant No. 7 DASA + MPA 2 (6.80 t.ha-1). Compared to the control variant, it achieved a higher yield by 0.18 t.ha-1. The highest values of hectolitre weight of grain were observed for the control variant No. 1 DASA (77.1 kg.hl-1). The content of protein was highest in control variant No. 1 DASA and variant No. 6 DASA + MPCAA 1 (12.2%). The highest gluten content (26.8%) and sedimentation value (37 ml) was also achieved by control variant No. 1 DASA. In terms of yield, variant No. 7 DASA with MPA 2 inhibitor had the highest values, while the highest values in terms of quality were achieved by variant No. 1 DASA without inhibitors.
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Srovnání účinnosti vybraných systémů hnojení na produkci a kvalitu pšenice ozimé
Horký, Jiří
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the influence of different fertilization options on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain and the profitability of its cultivation. Among the qualitative parameters, the content of nitrogenous substances, gluten and sedimentation value were monitored. The research took place in the form of a one-year semi-operational field experiment in the Jabloňov area, Vysočina. The following five fertilization variants were included in the experiment: LAV as control, urea, DASA (ammonium nitrate with ammonium sulfate), Urea stabil (urea with urease inhibitor) and ENSIN (ammonium nitrate with ammonium sulfate and nitrification inhibitor). The results show that the fertilization variants had no effect on the size of the yield. The effect of nitrification and urease inhibitors and sulfur fertilizers on grain quality parameters was also inconclusive (compared to the LAV control). A significant increase in quality parameters was noticed when comparing fertilizers with inhibitors and their equivalents without inhibitors. The ENSIN variant contained 4,3 % more nitrogenous substances and 8,3 % more gluten than the DASA variant. The Urea stabil variant contained 8,2 % more nitrogenous substances, 9,5 % more gluten and achieved a 12,2 % higher sedimentation value than the urea variant. Economically, the DASA variant turned out to be the best option. Fertilizers with inhibitors had a rather negative effect on the economics of cultivation
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Porovnání působení dusíkato-fosforečných hnojiv ve výživě pšenice ozimé a řepky ozimé
Večeřa, Radomír
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess and compare the effect of spring nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization on the yield and qualitative parameters of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. Small-plot experiments took place at Vatín in 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The experimental variants of fertilization for both model crops were 1. Control, 2. NPS immunMax (12-10+11S), 3. GSH NP 15-5+20S, 4. CAN + Amofos (12-52) (3:1) and 5. CAN + Amofos (12-52) (1:1). The parameters used in the assessment of winter wheat were yield, bulk density, nitrogenous substances and wet gluten content, grain sedimentation value. Winter oilseed rape were assessed by observing the yield and the oil content of the seeds. Winter wheat was monitored for the influence of the two terms of application of NP fertilizers during tillering. Winter oilseed rape was monitored for the influence of fertilization with a 100% dose of N and the application of NP fertilizers during side-shoot formation stage and fertilization with a dose of 70% N and the application of NP fertilizers in begin of stem elongation. The weather in individual years of the experiment had a statistically significant effect on the yield and quality parameters of winter wheat. There were no significant differences between the variants of NP fertilization and the terms of spring application. In the case of winter oilseed rape, the effect of the weather in years of the experiment was proven only for the yield. There was no significant difference between the variants of NP fertilization. A significant effect on yield and oil content was proven between terms of application with different doses of N. In the long term, phosphorus fertilizing in the spring make sense due to low phosphorus content in soil or ensure the return of phosphorus taken by harvests, but no yield or quality effect was recorded during the two-year observation.
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