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Orientation and mobility of individuals , who suffer from visual impairment with white stick with focus on the time of origin
TOMANOVÁ, Katarína
This bachelor thesis named "Orientation and mobility of individuals, who suffer from visual impairment with white stick to focus of origin" examines visually impaired individuals, whose sight is damaged to such a degree, that they are forced to use white stick as a compensation tool for spatial orientation. Visually handicapped people are unable to visually accept information from their surroundings, so they have to compensate this with the help of their touch and hearing senses. This can be accomplished only on condition, that there is a short distance. When there is a longer distance, they have to rely on another compensation tools, for instance white stick, which helps them to improve orientation and mobility skills. This thesis consists of three parts- theoretical one, practical one and appendix. There are five chapters in theoretical part. First chapter focus on anatomy and pathology of the organ of vision, its examination methods, sorting of congenital and acquired visual impairments and disorder of visual trajectory. The second chapter focus on person with visual impairment, especially the history of care for visually impaired, visual functions, their categories. How is the influence visual impairment that this handicap has on personal development, and finally it also describes people with visual impairment congenital and people with visual impairment acquired. The third chapter focus on counselling equipment, it define Center for early care and Special education center for people with visual impairment. The penultimate chapter focus on the spatial orientation, especially the division of areas of education, significance of spatial orientation, its sorting in the form of upbringing and orientation, principles of the movement itself and compensation tools. The last chapter further deals with history and currency of white stick, techniques of its use- like holding the stick and walking technique and who is a supposed user. Practical part was realized through qualitative research method, in order to achieve set goals. Data were collected in the form of semi structured interview and anamnesis (f. The interview was formed with prepared open questions, which focus on spatial orientation and white stick topic. Six different respondents were chosen for final data collection. Evaluation of data was carried out through analysis. All data and personal statements were at first sorted and classified and then noted into the list of results. This results are classified into charts in chapter 8.4. Evaluation od the data obtained, for better statement. List of results consist of identification data, category and diagnosis of visual impairment and also subjective opinions of respondents related to spatial orientation and white stick. In the discussion part were compared results of information given by respondents to the claim of theoretical part. The research has confirmed that white stick as a compensation tool helps visually impaired people to improve spatial orientation, also in the case of longer distance and unknown locations. Visually impaired individuals can nowadays thanks to the modern technologies get closer to the majority population of nowadays society, for instance with the possibility of more compensational tools connected to the white stick. Findings in this paper can improve general knowledge of spatial orientation, movement and white stick. It could also work as a subject for further research. After revision could be this thesis use as education material of spatial orientation and separate movement.
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