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From Neo-Ottomanism to Pragmatism? Turkey's Foreign Policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2009
Makovac, Mirna ; Brisku, Adrian (advisor) ; Žíla, Ondřej (referee)
Bibliographic note MAKOVAC, Mirna. "From Neo-Ottomanism to Pragmatism? Turkey's Foreign Policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2009." Master's Thesis, Charles University, 2023. Abstract The thesis aims to analyze the development of Turkey's foreign policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2009, with a focus on the reciprocity between neo-Ottomanism and pragmatism. This will be presented following the political, cultural, and economic role of Turkey in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main argument of the thesis is that there has been a shift from a values-based approach towards a more pragmatic orientation in Turkey's relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina. The thesis aims to answer the research question of to what extent has this shift had any impact on its relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2009. The findings indicate that Turkey's foreign policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be seen as a blend of both neo- Ottoman and pragmatic elements, depending on Turkey's activity in the country, but in recent years pragmatism prevails. In spite of that, pragmatism didn't negatively affect the positive and close relations between Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina but it further strengthened the ties between these countries. Keywords Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina, foreign policy, diplomacy, neo-Ottomanism,...
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Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdogan Era
Hurych, Vladimír ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdoğan era Author: Vladimír Hurych Abstract In November 2002, the new emerging Justice and Development Party (AKP) experienced a landmark electoral victory that significantly rewrote the prevailing domestic and foreign policy identity. The Islam-based AKP and its leaders Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Abdullah Gül and Ahmet Davutoğlu initiated a massive transformation of the Turkish society imposing economic market-oriented reforms and emphasizing the role of democratic institutions and the potential EU membership. AKP establishment also adopted a new foreign policy identity - the neo-Ottomanism. The concept has a background in 1990's strategy of former President Turgut Özal who emphasized the historical, cultural and religious heritage of the Ottoman Empire. Based on domestic changing identity, AKP's neo-Ottomanism served as an ideological tool how to transform its foreign policy identity with using the Islamic narrative and soft power tools. The thesis analyses how the new establishment of 2000's redefined the role of Turkey regarding its geopolitical position in the Middle East. Turkey has been emphasizing its strategic role as a regional power on the crossroads of many cultures and geopolitical interests. The question is how and whether the AKP...
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Neo-Ottomanism and Its Effects in the Western Balkans: The Comparison of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Prestaš, Ivan ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
Bachelor Thesis under the title: "Neo-Ottomanism and Its Effects in the Western Balkans: The Comparison of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina" analyses the attitude of Turkish foreign policy towards Western Balkan states. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the Turkish expansionary foreign policy not only from a military but from an economic point of view. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is dedicated to Turkey and how it has changed its position on the regional and world political scene. The following part deals with the development of both relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey and relations between Serbia and Turkey over the last ten years. The last and most significant chapter analyses the economic aspect of neo-ottomanism. Based on the analysis of Turkish investments in the Western Balkan states and other economic parameters (exports and imports), Turkey has been using soft power to become a major player in this very turbulent region. Using a comparative analysis of two case studies, it was confirmed that Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the most important Turkish partners in the Balkans, is still in the centre of Turkish interest. However, led by recent events which resulted in the opening of the Serbian market to Turkish investors, one can observe...
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Forms of Neo-Ottomanism Policy on the Example of Turkish Communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo
Blinka, Jakub ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Žíla, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma project focuses on the Turkish minority in Kosovo, especially its role in current Kosovar-Turkish relations. The work examines the perception of Turkish engagement in Kosovo among members of this community and their affiliation with the state of Kosovo. In addition, the work will be related to the author's previous research of the Turkish community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The work is divided into several parts, first it is pays attention to the theoretical framework of the Turkish foreign policy of strategic depth, so-called Neo- Ottomanism and then to the theoretical basis of nation, nationalism and identity. Furthermore, the historical and current relations between Turkey and Kosovo will be presented and it will be supplemented by basic informations about the Turkish minority of Kosovo. The main part of this work is a chapter devoted to the analysis of data from a fieldwork, which was conducted in two Kosovar localities (Mamusha and Prizen) in 2019. The results of this analysis are compared with Bosnian conclusions from 2017, based on which the Turkish strategy towards these Balkan countries will be evaluated. Key words: Neo-Ottomanism, Kosovo, Turkish Minority, National Identity
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The 2016 Coup d'Etat Attempt in Turkey and its Impact in Kosovo: A look into the Media Discourse Surrounding the 2018 Gulenist Extraditions and the Resulting Turkish-Kosovo Relationship.
Day, Ryan ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The overall purpose of this thesis is three folded; to analyze Turkey's constantly changing influence since the 1990s in the Western Balkans, consider the failed 2016 coup attempt in Turkey and the anti-Gülenist campaign by Erdogan in the region (with Kosovo as the focus), and to delve into the international and local media discourse surrounding the deportations of suspected Gülenist from Kosovo with the help of Turkish intelligence on March 29, 2018. Employing a mixed methodology approach, the author evaluated existing sources in an attempt to answer the research question; "In what ways has the 2016 Coup d'état attempt in Turkey resonated in the Western Balkans, and how did the local and international media discourse portray the 2018 Gülenists extraditions from Kosovo to Turkey?" The research holds that while the media discourse displayed Kosovo and Turkey's actions as being in violation of numerous international laws, the issue was quickly swept away from the spotlight. Since 2012 (the beginning of the Erdogan-Gülen rift) and especially following the 2016 failed coup attempt in Turkey, Erdogan has been emboldened by his growing personal relationships with key Balkan politicians. This has led to continued demands (thus far met with little success) that Western Balkan states arrest and deport...
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Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdogan Era
Hurych, Vladimír ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdoğan era Author: Vladimír Hurych Abstract In November 2002, the new emerging Justice and Development Party (AKP) experienced a landmark electoral victory that significantly rewrote the prevailing domestic and foreign policy identity. The Islam-based AKP and its leaders Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Abdullah Gül and Ahmet Davutoğlu initiated a massive transformation of the Turkish society imposing economic market-oriented reforms and emphasizing the role of democratic institutions and the potential EU membership. AKP establishment also adopted a new foreign policy identity - the neo-Ottomanism. The concept has a background in 1990's strategy of former President Turgut Özal who emphasized the historical, cultural and religious heritage of the Ottoman Empire. Based on domestic changing identity, AKP's neo-Ottomanism served as an ideological tool how to transform its foreign policy identity with using the Islamic narrative and soft power tools. The thesis analyses how the new establishment of 2000's redefined the role of Turkey regarding its geopolitical position in the Middle East. Turkey has been emphasizing its strategic role as a regional power on the crossroads of many cultures and geopolitical interests. The question is how and whether the AKP...
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Neo-Ottomanism and Its Effects in the Western Balkans: The Comparison of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Prestaš, Ivan ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
Bachelor Thesis under the title: "Neo-Ottomanism and Its Effects in the Western Balkans: The Comparison of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina" analyses the attitude of Turkish foreign policy towards Western Balkan states. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the Turkish expansionary foreign policy not only from a military but from an economic point of view. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is dedicated to Turkey and how it has changed its position on the regional and world political scene. The following part deals with the development of both relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey and relations between Serbia and Turkey over the last ten years. The last and most significant chapter analyses the economic aspect of neo-ottomanism. Based on the analysis of Turkish investments in the Western Balkan states and other economic parameters (exports and imports), Turkey has been using soft power to become a major player in this very turbulent region. Using a comparative analysis of two case studies, it was confirmed that Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the most important Turkish partners in the Balkans, is still in the centre of Turkish interest. However, led by recent events which resulted in the opening of the Serbian market to Turkish investors, one can observe...
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Turkish Minority in Sarajevo after 1995
Blinka, Jakub ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Otčenášek, Jaroslav (referee)
In my thesis I will provide the introduction of the present Turkish community in Sarajevo. I will research not only the motivation of Turks to migrate, but also their relation to the Bosnian state, their social and economical background, their uses of language and their cultural habits. The thesis will be divided in to three parts. In the first section I will summarize the historical development of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the heritage that remained in the region after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. In the second part I will outline present political and economical relations between Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina, after 1995. The strengthening of mutual relations between these two states leads to the begining of the Turkish migration to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The third and final part will be dedicated to the fieldwork of the community itself. The question of the count of the community cannot be supported by exact numbers and offical statistics. Despite this fact that the results of the last census were posted, the box for ethnicity and nationality only provides an option of three Bosnian constitutional ethnics, excluding all other national or ethnical options. The knowledge of the community presented here is primarily based on the results of fieldwork, because presently there are no sources,...
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Turkish Foreign Policy towards Syria between 2002 and 2011
Jirásek, Vojtěch ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This thesis studies Turkish foreign policy in Syria between years 2002 and 2011. Justice and Development Party (AKP) ruled in this period. In comparison with its predecessors, AKP started to focus more on Middle East and its foreign policy was often called as "neo-Ottoman". AKP brought concepts of "zero problems with neighbors" and "strategic depth" into Turkish foreign policy. Turkey also started to use more "soft power" in this period. This work searches those four concepts in Turkish foreign policy with Syria. Although Turkish foreign policy with Syria in years 2002 to 2011 contains number of elements of neo-Ottomanism, "zero problems with neighbors", "strategic depth" and "soft power", it is impossible to say it was based only on these concepts.
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The aspects of neo-Ottomanism in the Turkish foreign policies toward Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo
Nagy, Gergely ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Pikal, Kamil (referee)
The thesis examines the aspects of neo-Ottomanism in Turkish foreign policies toward three Balkan countries - Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo -, focusing on the developments of the last decade. Turkey has become quite active in the Balkans and in these countries in the last few years, however, this activism is not without any antecendents. These areas were the core European territories of the Ottoman Empire and after the dissolution of this entity, Turkey still attached special importance to these countries, albeit during the Cold War relations were cooler. On the other hand, with the fall of the Iron Curtain, the rise of the AK Party to government position and Ahmet Davutoglu becoming Minister of Foreign Affairs in Turkey, the Balkans started to receive particular "limelight" in Turkish foreign policy. New ideas, expressions, approaches were incorporated into the forming self-confident and assertive foreign policy of Turkey. However, this new policy, referred to as neo- Ottomanism in many cases, infered criticisms too, from the West and from local politicians in the Balkans too. The thesis aims to remake and remodel this expression by highlighting other, more positive elements of it. Turkey's political, economic, cultural and military relations with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and...
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