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Nutrition and sport of a selected group of women during pregnancy
Čapková, Barbora ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on nutrition and exercise during pregnancy in a selected group of women. The main aim of this study is to determine whether dietary habits have changed among pregnant women and in what manner. Additionally, it seeks to find out whether pregnant women continue with their physical activity/sport routines from before conception. The presented thesis comprises two main parts: the theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is divided into two major subchapters. The first subchapter concerns nutrition during pregnancy, detailing specific aspects such as suitable and unsuitable diets, appropriate dietary supplementations, intake of fruits and vegetables, and adequate hydration, which pregnant women often overlook. Following this is the second subchapter, which addresses exercise during pregnancy. Topics include the significance of physical activity during pregnancy, suitable and unsuitable physical activities/sports during gravidity, physical activity across trimesters, and the impact of physical activity on the mental well-being of pregnant women. In the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, the preparation, execution, and results of a questionnaire survey are described. The research segment examines the awareness and knowledge of pregnant women regarding proper...
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The effect of the circadian rhythm on the work of a paramedic
ŠEDIVÝ, Martin
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is "The effect of the circadian rhythm on the work of a paramedic". Most rescuers may not even realize the great sacrifice they make by performing this demanding profession. This is a very respectable job, which is burdened with a huge amount of stress and a demanding work schedule. The combination of these two unfavorable factors may have a negative impact on the health of rescuers over a longer period of time. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of the term circadian rhythm, sleep and its structure, nutrition, physical activities, blue light, caffeine, health complications that are the result of a disturbed circadian rhythm and the effect of circadian rhythmicity on work efficiency. The research part was implemented using semi-structured interviews, and 12 informants who are employed at the South Bohemian Region Medical Rescue Service in the position of paramedic were included in the research investigation. Each informant was asked the same questions, which were then evaluated using the coding technique and were divided into several categories and subcategories. The main topics for responding the objective of the work were health complications of shift work, adaptation to shift work, principles of proper nutrition and sleeping habits. Research has shown that the circadian rhythm affects the work of a paramedic, but it is very individual and affects each paramedic in a different way. Alternating irregular shifts are difficult to get used to, and working at night is not ideal from a physiological point of view. Most of the rescuers confirmed to us that they had a lower work performance and a longer reaction time during the night hours. Furthermore, night shifts have a negative effect on the health of workers, and health complications may occur years later, which may not allow rescuers to continue to perform their work as well as before.
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Problematika školního stravování
KARÁSKOVÁ, Michaela
The topic of the bachelor thesis is school catering. The thesis has two goals, one is to analyze the nutritional quality of school lunches on the basis of the consumption basket and the second is to analyze the variety and nutritional composition of school lunches for younger and older school-age children. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the principles of good nutrition for children are described, namely the food pyramid, the individual components of the diet such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins, minerals and the related drinking regime. It also describes school catering, its history and the consumption basket, specifically its standards and the food groups it includes. The practical part deals with the analysis of the consumption basket in two primary schools, and details how the selected categories are present in the nutritional recommendations for the consumption basket. Following this, the practical part evaluates the five day diet of 8 respondents, two of younger and two of older school age from each school. The research shows that the school menus are very different from each other, each school having different meals, different culinary arrangements and variety. One of the schools is not very successful in applying the nutritional recommendations of the consumption basket, the other school is doing very well. Although some aspects have not been followed, the result is still very surprising, mainly because of the interesting choice of food that the second dining room provides. Unfortunately, children are not coming to lunch more and more. As far as the children's eating habits are concerned, vegetables, fruit and dairy products are often missing from the menus. There is a higher prevalence of foods with higher or added sugar content, which are not suitable in large quantities. Meals miss variety and imagination.
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Nutrition as one tool in obesity therapy.
JEŘÁBKOVÁ, Simona
The topic of this thesis is "Nutrition as one of the tools in obesity therapy". Obesity reduces the quality of life and shortens its duration. It is therefore important to pay attention to its prevention and treatment.The first aim of the bachelor thesis was to chart the dietary changes of obese subjects in the context of nutritional intervention. The second aim was to determine the weight change of obese subjects under nutritional intervention. The research was carried out using a qualitative method using a nutritional intervention and by analyzing the diet plans from the selected respondents. The diets were calculated using Nutriservis application. The study population consisted of 8 obese respondents with a BMI of 30+ kg/m2, of whom 3 were males and 5 females in the age range of 33-62 years.The obtained data shows that most respondents have changed their eating habits, except for 2 respondents. Five respondents managed to reduce body weight, mostly adipose tissue, because of dietary change. The remaining 3 respondents failed to reduce body weight, but instead experienced weight gain, as 2 respondents did not change their dietary habits and 1 respondent was an exception due to unhealthy low energy intake. Incorrect eating habits before the nutritional intervention were present in all respondents. The biggest problem was irregular and high energy intake in the form of high fat and simple carbohydrates. The respondents were mostly deficient in protein and fiber in their diet. The diets contained no whole grains, fish, legumes, or fresh vegetables. Processed food sweetened full-fat dairy products, and sweetened fizzy drinks, tea or coffee featured heavily in the diets. The biggest dietary changes after the nutrition intervention were an increase in protein, whole grains, and a reduction in sweetened dairy products and sweets. There was a substitution of full-fat dairy products for low-fat options and an increase in unsweetened drinks. All respondents took away from the nutrition intervention new knowledge about nutrition and the principles of good nutrition. Successful respondents who were able to reduce their body weight promoted their health and reduced obesity-related health complications.
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Možnosti využití planě rostoucích rostlin ve výživě člověka
JEZLOVÁ, Jana
Wild edible plants and weeds were once commonly used as vegetables or spices. Our ancestors valued them for their nutritional and taste properties as well as their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to elaborate the possibilities, benefits and prospects of using wild plants in human nutrition in our area. The work is based on the historical and geographical context, draws on the influence of tradition and culture on the consumption of wild plants and weeds, and takes into account the aspect of their protection from overharvesting and extinction. Particular attention is paid to nutritional properties, toxicological risks are highlighted, and the possibilities of collecting plant parts and their culinary preparation are described. On the basis of a literature search, an overview of the plants was compiled from available publications, indicating their characteristics and uses. A comparison is made with other ethnobotanical studies carried out in the Czech Republic and neighbouring countries. A questionnaire survey on attitudes towards consumption of wild plants demonstrates changing motivations for their use, preference for green parts of plants, their consumption in their raw state and in simple adaptations. In conclusion, twelve plant species are recommended for convenient use (Aegopodium podagraria, Alliaria petiolata, Allium vineale, Bellis perennis, Crataegus laevigata, Epilobium angustifolium, Galinsoga parviflora, Helianthus tuberosus, Impatiens glandulifera, Stellaria media, Reyoutria japonica, Viola odorata) with their detailed characteristics, nutritional benefits, processing possibilities and the reasons why these species deserve attention and inclusion in the diet.
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Vyhodnocení stravovacích návyků a příjmu energie a vybraných živin u vysokoškolských studentů.
PAVELKA, Filip
This master's thesis deals with mapping the dietary habits of university students and evaluating the level of energy intake and main nutrients in a selected sample of uni versity students. The literary overview of the issues addressed is focused on the area of rational nutrition and dietary habits of persons in the age of university students, the importance of energy and the main nutrient in a person's nutrition. The research part is focused on two areas. The first is to assess the menus of a selected sample of ten students, five of them women and five men, who recorded four weekly diet plans for four months (May, July, October and December). The research part is focused on two areas. The first is to assess the menus of a selected sample of ten students, five of them women and five men, who recorded four weekly diet plans for four months (May, July, October and December).
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A survey of the eating habits of athletes focused on ball games.
MÍKOVÁ, Eliška
Proper eating habits and quality nutrition of sportsmen and sportswomen, who are focused on the ball games, remain often negleted although can play an important role in their sporting training. This work is aimed at summarization of available information concernig the optimal nutrition of sportsmen and sportswomen who activly play ball games. The aim of this work was evaluation of differences in eating habits of two groups of people - adults playing activly the ball games as football or volleyball and adults doing sport occasionaly or not al all. The survey was held in 2023 by nutritional questionnare (n=60). We studied eating habits of two groups of 30 respondents (individuals age 20-40, 15 men and 15 women) - sportsmen and sportswomen in one group and men and women of common population in the second one. The questionnare contained 27 questions, the first ones were focused on getting anthropometric parameters, the next ones on eating regimen and physical activities. At the group of sportsmen , higher consumption of alkohol and tobacco products was recorded. At the group of common population insufficient physical activity was revealed as well as overweight and obesity. Women of both groups consume vegetables more often than men. Men rank the snack in their daily menu significantly more often than women, sportsmen eat snack more often than men of common population (p <0,05). Men both groups consume fish meat more often than women (p <0,05). We found out that men and women playing ball games devote more time to sport activities than men and women of common population (p <0,05). Sportswomen drink the highest amount of sweet drinks /juice and tea/ whereas the lowes one the women of common population do (p <0,05). Any mistakes of eating habits of sportsmen and sportswomen as well as common population weren´t found, exept some lacks said above. Neverthless, it would be beneficial to consider diversity and balance of daily menu.
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Specifics of nutrition in hospice care
Turková, Jana ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Novák, Ondřej (referee)
Introduction: Hospice palliative care is provided to patients in the terminal phase of life with the aim of ensuring quality of remaining life with an emphasis on their individual needs and wishes. An integral part of palliative care is nutritional care and ensuring the patient's adequate nutrition. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the principles, standards and concept of development of palliative care, and provides a comprehensive overview of the types and forms of hospice care currently provided in the Czech Republic, and concludes with a consideration of nutrition and hydration in the terminal phase of the disease. In the practical part, the results of the questionnaire study are processed and presented. Objective of the thesis: The main objective of my bachelor's thesis is to determine whether an individual approach is applied to nutrition in the inpatient care of a selected hospice. The secondary objective is to discover whether patients in inpatient hospice care are satisfied with the nutrition and meals provided. Methodology: The project deals with research into the inpatient care of St. Štěpán's Hospice in Litoměřice. The research is designed as a questionnaire study. The data source is my own semi-structured questionnaire with 30 questions; 15 questions are closed, 13...
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Nutritional specifics in hospice care
Macinauerová, Romana ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Holubová, Barbora (referee)
Palliative care is an approach focused on improving or maintaining quality of life for patients and their families who suffer from terminal illness in an advanced stage. Hospices are most commonly associated with palliative care, where hospitalized patients are expected to live less than six months. The aim of this work is to introduce the issue of palliative care and the nutritional approach in hospices from a nutritional therapist's perspective. The theoretical part is focused on the general issues of palliative care and its division. It presents the needs and life values of patients and their families, introduces the issue of nutrition and hydration in the terminal phase of the disease, possible interventions and symptoms that affect food intake. The main objective of the empirical part of the research, which was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews, is to find out among the patients at the Hospic u Dobrého Pastýře in Čerčany their favorite food and dishes. The sub-objectives were to find out the preferred consistency, quantity and texture of food, identification of situations and symptoms affecting patient's food intake in hospices and to find out through a questionnaire survey in inpatient hospices in the Czech Republic the importance of a nutritional therapist. Based on the...
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The impact of specific food types and physical activity on breast cancer incidence and development in women
Dvořáková, Tereza ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Šuta Kimle, Katarína (referee)
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women globally. Modifiable risk factors such as diet and physical activity play a significant role in developing prevention strategies and interventions. The influence of diet and physical activity on the incidence and development of breast cancer is a subject of ongoing research. Healthy lifestyle patterns, characterized by balanced nutrition and regular physical activity, have shown positive implications in preventing the onset of breast cancer. The practical part of this paper uses data from 15 patients who participated in and completed the three-month ONKO-FIT intervention programme. The program aimed to evaluate the effects of targeted nutritional and exercise therapy on the physical condition of breast cancer patients. While the results did not show a statistically significant improvement due to the relatively small sample size, there was a non-zero positive effect, suggesting a possible influence of the therapy on the patients' physical condition. These initial findings underline the potential benefits of such lifestyle interventions, which could significantly impact the treatment and recovery process for breast cancer patients. However, these results also highlight the need for further studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the...
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