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Biokompozitní materiály v nábytkářství
Kopecká, Magdaléna
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of using biomaterials as an alternative substitute for non-renewable materials and raw materials to ensure future ecological sustainability. The referential biocomposite chosen as an alternative to non-renewable materials was fungal mycelium. The basic properties of this biomaterial, the method of production, and the safety requirements are described in this thesis. Furthermore, selected tests of physical and mechanical properties were undertaken. There tests included moisture, density, swelling and determination of transverse tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the board. All measurements were carried out in accordance with ČSN, the tests results were described and statistically verified.
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Návrh nábytkového prvku s využitím materiálu z houbového mycelia
Paulasová, Dominika
The thesis deals with the options for using fungal mycelium in the field of furniture. The aim was to design a furniture element so that the material’s prope-rties are taken into account. The theoretical part provides information on the ma-terial, its production, properties and processing possibilities. The literature re-view gives an insight into the current development of mycelium materials and the options for their use. The practical part deals with the design of a bench whose seat is made of mycelium composite. The experimental part thus includes mea-surements of selected material characteristics such as impact resistance, Brinell scale hardness, density profile, flakiness and flexure. The measurements compare samples with different input parameters such as the time the mycelium grew and initial densification during moulding.
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Life history strategies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Fričová, Renata ; Janoušková, Martina (advisor) ; Kohout, Petr (referee)
Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a symbiotic interaction of vascular plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from subphylum Glomeromycotina. Currently, it is difficult to predict the population dynamics of AM fungal communities, mainly because little is known about their life-history strategies. However, it is clear that AM fungi differ in a range of traits. Physiological and ecological differences between AM fungi can affect the outcome of their competition as well as cooperation with the plant symbiont and the successional dynamics of the whole community. In order to advance our knowledge of AM fungal life-history strategies, it is crucial to deepen our understanding of the traits and factors that modify interactions between the symbionts. This bachelor thesis is designed as a literature survey aimed at summarizing knowledge about functional traits of AM fungi and the impact of these traits on their life-history strategies. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, life-history strategies, host plant, traits, mycelium, colonization, competition, community, succession
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Přestup rtuti z kontaminovaných lesních půd do mycelia hub
Hrachovinová, Jana
Bachelor thesis deals with the transfer of mercury from contaminated forest soils to mycelium mushroom. The theoretical part is devoted to the brief characteristics of mercury, as well as basic information about the history of mercury, the forms of mercury and, above all, its toxicity. The theoretical part also describes the two species of fungi of which mycelium has been used for monitoring mercury accumulation, namely Armillaria cepistipes and Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition to this basic information, brief information on the Poison mountain is mentioned in the work, from where all mercury contaminated soil samples were taken. Practical part of the thesis is split into part dealing with cultivation of mycelium of mushrooms and their collection, retention and analysis of mercury in samples, which was performed using atomic absorption spectrometry on the unit AMA 254. Control forest soil contained 0.122 ± 0.011 mg/kg Hg, contaminated forest soil of 1S contained 22.428 ± 2.297 mg/kg Hg, the soil 2S contained 105.893 ± 4.577 mg/kg Hg and the soil 5S contained 12.954 ± 0.912 mg/kg Hg. The mercury content of contaminated forest soils was statistically significantly higher compared to the controls. Higher mercury content of statistical significance was found in the mycelia Pleurotus ostreatus only in case the cultivation of highly contaminated soils (soil 1S and 2S). In case of mycelium cultivation in less contaminated soils (soil 5S and control soil), there was a statistically significant difference in the content of mercury in accumulated mycelia Pleurotus ostreatus and Armillaria cepistipes. The concentration of mercury in both mycelia tested grew linearly with a growing concentration of mercury in contaminated forest soils throughout the period of reference. According to the identified bioconcentration factors, which ranged from 0.13 – 0.41 for mycelium Armillaria cepistipes and for mycelium Pleurotus ostreatus in the range of 0.16 – 0.56, mycelium Armillaria cepistipes and Pleurotus ostreatus rank to the category of medium mercury accumulators.
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Hodnocení patogenity Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in vitro na různých živných médiích
Bačová, Aneta
This thesis deals with the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causing the serious dieback of ash trees throughout Europe. In the first part, a summary of the state-of-art literature is presented. The main research is based on an in vitro examination of 15 strains of H. fraxineus, with the aim of finding the best medium for its growth. The five different nutrient media (MEA, AMEA, MOS, PDA, ADA) were chosen to cultivate the pathogen and examine its growth rate during six weeks. The medium ADA, composed of agar with of ash dust was designed and firstly used for this pathogen in our study. In addition, the relationship between the growth rate and the colour of mycelia was examined in three groups of strains (dark mycelium strains, light mycelium strains and strains with viruses). The fastest growth was found on the newly created ADA medium, which was obtained from ash twigs sawdust added to the classical agar medium. Dependence of the growth rate on mycelium colour has not been confirmed. This research contributes to the improvement of laboratory techniques designed to study H. fraxineus.
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