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Musk compounds in water ecosystem
Guryčová, Hana ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances or MUSK compounds are artificialy synthetised organic substances, used as fragrant constituents in various homecare products, such as cosmetics, detergents, air fresheners etc. The aim of diploma thesis was the quantification of some selected MUSK compounds in the influent and efluent of the water treatment plants.The method of quantification of MUSK compounds in organic matrix was also optimised during the research. Two modifications of solid phase microextraction were tested and evaluated. The analytes were identified and quantified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results were used to evaluate the amount of MUSK compounds in sewage waters and the ability of various water treatment plants to eliminate this kind of pollution from the water during the treatment process.
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Chiral analysis of musk compounds in water ecosystem
Švarcová, Lucie ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Diploma thesis summarizes available information about chiral analysis of synthetic musk compounds in the aquatic environment. In the theoretical part of the thesis chirality and importance of chiral analysis by means of examples of different environmental pollutants is documented. Further consideration is aimed on musk compounds, their classification, characteristics and their fate in the environment, especially in the aquatic environment. After that methods for chiral analysis of synthetic musk compounds are reviewed. The aim of the experimental part of this diploma thesis was to carry out the determination of thirteen representatives of musk compounds (2-cyclohexylethanol, allylcyklohexylpropionate, Arocet, Aroflorone, Citronellol, Fresco Menthe, Galaxolide, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, HSA, isoamylsalicylate, isobornylacetate, Lilial and Linalool), out of which some compounds are chiral and some are achiral. For the analysis samples of wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant Brno - Modřice were taken. Target compounds were isolated by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and were subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. On the basis of data evaluation the removal efficiency forgiven musk compounds in the wastewater treatment plant was assessed.
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Distribution of synthetic fragrances into the aquatic ecosystem
Freithová, Štěpánka ; Tulková, Tereza (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances are part of many consumer products, from which they get to waste water and to water recipient due to imperfect cleaning. Musk compounds can be found in almost every parts of nature environment. Purpose of this bachelor thesis was assesment of selected representatives linear musk compounds, concretely citronellol, isobornyl acetate, allyl cyklohexyl propionate and hexylcinnamic aldehyde. This analytes were determined in waste water in inflow and outflow from wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and wastewater treatment plant in area Veterinary and Pharmaceutical university Brno. Analytes were extracted by using method of solid phase microextraction, final assesment was done method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Results were evaluated and it was found, that musk compounds are present in waste water in concentration range from 0,01 to 3,6 ng/ml.
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Evaluation of occurence of musk compounds in water ecosystem
Tobková, Lenka ; Zouhar, Libor (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is concerned with synthetic musk compounds and their presence in the environment, particularly in water ecosystem. The thesis contains fundamental classification of synthetic musk compounds together with specification and detailed description of their most significant representatives. Among them are linalool, citronellol, and isobornyle acetate which will be studied further in master’s thesis. Fundamental physical-chemical properties of these odoriferous compounds and their toxicological and environmental impact are studied. Also part of this thesis is a detailed description of synthetic musk compounds’ analytical determination.
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Synthetic aromatic substances in wastewaters
Tylichová, Petra ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances are artificially synthetised organic compounds which are used as fragrant substances in assorted personal care products, perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, detergents, cleansing articles, etc. So-called musk compounds creates significant group of synthetic fragrances which are distinguished by specific fragrance reminiscent of musk. Recently great attention is devoted to musk compounds because they were proved in different units of environment. The aim of diploma thesis was determination of selected linear musk compounds (arocet, aroflorone, linalool 925, lilial, isoamyl salicylate) in real samples of waste water in the influent and effluent from the sewage treatment plant Brno-Modřice. At first optimization of selected method was performed and then this method was used for own determination. Analytes were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) from sample. Method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for own analysis. The results were used for evaluation of efficiency of removing linear musk compounds from waste water.
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The use of biochar as a sorption material for the removal of synthetic fragrances from water
Kašparová, Jarmila ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances (musk) are artificially produced organic compounds. It is used as fragrance ingredient in personal care products. Substances from this group have the ability to withstand the cleaning process in wastewater treatment plants. The physico-chemical properties of musk compounds cause their accumulation in the living and non-living components of the ecosystem, where they behave as persistent pollutants. The adsorption process is considered to be one of the most widely used separation and purification processes. The adsorption processes of a solution of sixteen synthetic fragrances took place with biochar and activated carbon. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used as a method for extracting analytes. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied for final analysis, time of flight analyzer was used as detector. The data were fitted with adsorption isotherms.
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Options determination of synthetic fragrances in wastewater
Kašparová, Jarmila ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances (musk) are artificially made organic compounds, which are used as fragrances in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The presence of musk is proven in all environmental compartments. However, the greatest attention is paid to purified waste water, which is a frequent source of pollution of surface water. The physico-chemical properties of musk compounds cause their accumulation in the living and non-living components of the ecosystem, where they behave as persistent pollutants. The presented bachelor thesis deals with the problem of determining individual musk compounds of all groups side by side. In the bachelor thesis, nineteen musk compounds of four groups, nitromusk compounds, macrocyclic musk compounds, linear musk compounds, polycyclic musk compounds were studied. The basis of this work was to optimize the method for determining all groups of musk compounds side by side, evaluating and interpreting the results. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used as a method for extracting analytes. Gas chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry was used for the final analysis, as a detector was used for a Time of flight analyzer.
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Distribution of synthetic fragrances into the aquatic ecosystem
Freithová, Štěpánka ; Tulková, Tereza (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances are part of many consumer products, from which they get to waste water and to water recipient due to imperfect cleaning. Musk compounds can be found in almost every parts of nature environment. Purpose of this bachelor thesis was assesment of selected representatives linear musk compounds, concretely citronellol, isobornyl acetate, allyl cyklohexyl propionate and hexylcinnamic aldehyde. This analytes were determined in waste water in inflow and outflow from wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and wastewater treatment plant in area Veterinary and Pharmaceutical university Brno. Analytes were extracted by using method of solid phase microextraction, final assesment was done method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Results were evaluated and it was found, that musk compounds are present in waste water in concentration range from 0,01 to 3,6 ng/ml.
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Study of Transfer of Musk Compounds in Abiotic and Biotic Components of Aquatic Ecosystems
Zouhar, Libor ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Sokol, Jozef (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work was focused on the determination of musk compounds in various components of the environment. Synthetic musk compounds are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of detergents, perfumes, cosmetics and other personal care products (PCPs). These compounds contaminate the aquatic environment through municipal wastewater from sewage treatment plants. The result is accumulation of these analytes in the environment and their occurrence in food chain. Synthetic fragrances are commonly detected also in human body; these substances generally belong among relatively new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. The aim of this work was to optimize the methods for the determination of selected synthetic fragrances in wastewater (municipal, industrial) and in fish muscle. These analytes were determined in wastewater [the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Brno – Modřice, cosmetic manufacturing plant] and in fish Squalius cephalus that had been caught in the river Svratka. The selected analytes (14 substances) originate from the group of nitromusk, polycyclic musk and linear musk compounds. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) [for wastewater samples] and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) [for fish samples] were used for isolation of analytes from real samples. The identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). The results show that galaxolide (g.L-1) and tonalide (tenths of g.L-1) were polycyclic musk compounds which were found at the highest concentration level in influent and also in effluent samples from the WWTP Brno – Modřice. The most extended nitromusk compound was musk ketone (hundredths of g.L-1). Linear musk compounds were detected in all influent samples (g.L-1). The overall removal efficiency of synthetic musk compounds from wastewater in the WWTP varies within the following ranges: nitromusk compounds 34.4 % – 85.4 %, polycyclic musk compounds 36.7 % – 53.3 % and linear musk compounds 90.5 % – 99.9 %. On the basis of the results it can be stated that wastewater (effluent from the WWTP) is the primary source of musk compounds, especially of the polycyclic ones in the environment. It has been also shown that ultrafiltration used in a cosmetic plant is a highly efficient technology for removing nitromusk and polycyclic musk compounds from industry wastewater. The results from evaluation of the fish contamination by musk compounds show that galaxolide was the substance which reached the highest concentration levels (tens of g.kg-1 l.w.). The results corroborate ubiquitous occurrence of musk compounds in the environment and reduction of using of nitromusk compounds due to their potential toxic properties. It has been shown that the insufficiency of the purifying procedures used in the WWTP Brno – Modřice has a significant influence on the concentration level of polycyclic musk compounds (tonalide, galaxolide) in fish caught from the river Svratka.
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Chiral analysis of musk compounds in water ecosystem
Švarcová, Lucie ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Diploma thesis summarizes available information about chiral analysis of synthetic musk compounds in the aquatic environment. In the theoretical part of the thesis chirality and importance of chiral analysis by means of examples of different environmental pollutants is documented. Further consideration is aimed on musk compounds, their classification, characteristics and their fate in the environment, especially in the aquatic environment. After that methods for chiral analysis of synthetic musk compounds are reviewed. The aim of the experimental part of this diploma thesis was to carry out the determination of thirteen representatives of musk compounds (2-cyclohexylethanol, allylcyklohexylpropionate, Arocet, Aroflorone, Citronellol, Fresco Menthe, Galaxolide, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, HSA, isoamylsalicylate, isobornylacetate, Lilial and Linalool), out of which some compounds are chiral and some are achiral. For the analysis samples of wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant Brno - Modřice were taken. Target compounds were isolated by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and were subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. On the basis of data evaluation the removal efficiency forgiven musk compounds in the wastewater treatment plant was assessed.
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