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Urinary tract infections in pregnancy
MIHULCOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor thesis deals with urinary tract infections in pregnancy. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the human population. During pregnancy, this disease can cause undesirable complications for both the mother and the fetus, which could be fatal in serious cases. The work is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract, changes in the urinary tract during pregnancy, urinary tract infections and its diagnosis, midwife care for women with urinary tract infections, prevention of urinary tract infections and midwifery education. In the empirical part of this work, two goals were chosen. Firstly, to find out the level of pregnant women's knowledge about the prevention of urinary tract infection and secondly to find out their level of knowledge about the risk to the fetus and mother in urinary tract infection during pregnancy. We wondered whether or not pregnant women knew how to behave to prevent a urinary tract infection, and also whether they knew the risks associated with the infection. Based on these goals, two hypotheses were chosen. H1: Pregnant women with higher education are more informed about the prevention of urinary tract infections than pregnant women with lower education. H2: Pregnant women with higher education are more aware of the risks to both the fetus and the mother caused by urinary tract infections than pregnant women with lower education. The research was conducted in a quantitative form, using a questionnaire. The evaluation of the questionnaire was carried out with the help of the right-tailed Student's t-distribution. The research group consisted of 237 pregnant women who were active on online social groups for pregnant women. Respondents who filled in at the beginning of the questionnaire that they were not pregnant were not included in the research group. Most respondents were from the age group of 21-30. This group consisted of 74.68% of respondents. Most respondents (45.57%) stated their highest achieved education to be the secondary education completed with a General Certificate of Secondary Education. 84.39% of respondents knew the concept of urinary tract infection. 73.00% of respondents knew that UTI is mostly caused by bacteria. 88.19% of respondents knew cranberry as a crop that helps prevent UTI. 92.83% of respondents knew that daily showering helps prevent UTI. The research confirmed both hypotheses to be true - H1: that women with higher education are better informed about both the prevention of urinary tract infections and the H2: risks to the fetus and the mother from urinary tract infections during pregnancy. The output of this work is an information leaflet, which briefly summarizes the risks to the fetus and mother in urinary tract infections during pregnancy and draws attention to the prevention of urinary tract infections. The results of this work can serve as an information source for pregnant women, women of reproductive age, midwives and to educate students of midwifery.
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Neurophysiology of the urinary system after spinal cord injury.
Štěpánková, Kateřina ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is a result of trauma generated by traffic accident, violence or falling. However, SCI may not only be caused by trauma, but also by other diseases such as - virus infection, tumors etc.. Any SCI affects the ability of the spinal cord to transmit and receive information and their further processesing. The spinal cord injury itself is followed by other complications that seriously impair the quality of life of the patients. One of the main problems is the dysfunction of the urinary system, which then does not work properly, thereby make patient's life dificult on the health and social side. The aim of this thesis is to summarize pathophysiological consequences of SCI on urinary tract dysfunction. Keywords: neurophysiology, spinal cord injury, paraplegia, urinary tract
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The possibilities of prevention nosocomial infections of urinary tract at long-term intensive care department
Jánská, Pavla ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Zatočilová, Jana (referee)
The graduation theses is about urinary tract infections and the preventive care that we are able to provide within nursing care of patients with urinary catheter. The theoretical part of graduation theses includes the chapters about general introduction to nosocomial infections, as well as epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections. Furthermore, it relates to their antibiotic therapy and resistence to antibiotics. The main task is the prevention of urinary tract infections. Generally I have focused on the methods of urinary catheterization and their correct indications, the materials and design of urinary catheters, as well as on nursing care of urinary catheters. The thesis includes research aimed at providing preventive measures that are implemented in practice, comparing them to each other and comparison with the current studies and recommendations.. This research provides both positive and negative results. Some of the recommendations for preventive care of urinary tract infections are being followed, other are being omitted. There are also differences between respondents from different departments as well as among the departments. Nursing care procedures are not unified despite of presence of guidelines and standard procedures. keywords: nosocomial...
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