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Holocene Succession of Mollusc Assemblages in the Southern Part of Kokořínsko Area
Oravec, Jan ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Beran, Luboš (referee)
The sandstone rock cities of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin are traditionally considered floristically and faunistically impoverished areas, because the environment of acidic quartz sandstones complicates the development of developed biocenoses. The unfavourable abiotic conditions are compensated for geomorphological diversity of the landscape, which creates a wide range of locations providing habitats for many biological species with different ecological requirements. However, the current appearance of the sandstone areas is due to the extensive transformation of the environment in the late Holocene, as evidenced by the rich subfossil communities of terrestrial gastropods. In the presented study, the succession of postglacial malacocenoses was processed from five sites in the southern part of the Kokořínsko area, demonstrating the continuous development of species-rich forest habitats during the early and middle Holocene. The presence of calcareous encrustations on the surface of acidic sandstone walls, which allowed the continuous occurrence of calciphilous mollusc species, is also documented from this wet period. The gradual transformation of the natural environment is related to the beginning of the late Holocene and was caused by the leaching of nutrients from the soil horizons and the...
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Hunter-gatherer Archaeobotany: Central European Mesolithic
PTÁKOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis focuses on Central European Mesolithic from the perspective of environmental archaeology. Based on analysis of plant macrofossils, it examines potential plant component of Mesolithic diet. The work further contributes to the knowledge on vegetation history of the area of Český ráj (Czech Republic) and attempts to reveal past plant use and the impact of Mesolithic communities on past environments. This is followed by a discussion concerning transition from hunting and gathering way of life to productive economies using examples of specific landscape units and well defined spatiotemporal scales.
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Contacts between the culture of the Lepenski Vir and the first Neolithic populations at the turn of the 7th and 6th millennium
Ćosović, Mirza ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tichý, Radomír (referee)
(in English): This paper focuses mainly on the problem of the Mesolithic-Neolithic contact in the Iron Gates gorge at the turn of the 7th and 6th millenniums BC. A special emphasis is put on the eponymous site of Lepenski Vir. From a geographic point of view, this area represents a natural border between countries Serbia and Romania. There, in different layers and at different locations, were excavated and explored settlements documenting activities and social contact between the Mesolithic and Neolithic populations, as well as the transition from the Mesolithic way of life to the sedentary Neolithic one. The first part of the paper is devoted to an overview of scientific research, a development of views on the process of Neolitization and all the important aspects of culture. The second part deals with the examination of the first form of contact between Mesolithic and Neolithic populations based on the results of natural and archaeological research with theoretical application of the migration model, from the American anthropologist David W. Anthony.
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Neolithic house in the Balkans - genesis and ethnoarcheological study
MAJEROVIČOVÁ, Tereza
Thesis focuses on the house and its evolution in the Neolithic period in the Balkans. It describes the construction and internal organization of the buildings. Further it is focused on the way how the buildings were used by the former society and how the individual architectural structures influenced respective population. On the basis of available resources the Neolithic houses in specific areas in the Balkans are studied, including chapters which provide the general insights into this topic.
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Camps and waters: Malý Medvědí Tábor as part of a North Bohemian Mesolithic landscape
Svoboda, Jiří ; Novák, J. ; Novák, Martin ; Pokorný, P. ; Sázelová, Sandra
The paper introduces a newly discovered Mesolithic rock shelter Malý medvědí tabor, located in the canyon of the Svitávka River. The excavation revealed intact Mesolithic layers, rich in charcoals and a hearth feature outlined by sandstone blocks. Analyses of the environmental data, fauna, and lithic artefacts are included. In sum, the occupation of the rock shelter was rather episodic, nevertheless the site is of domestic character, as suggested by the richness and character of artefacts. The surrounding vegetation can be reconstructed as a sparse pine forests with common spread of hazel, oak and early successional vegetation with aspen and birch. Given a presence of a nearby peat-bog at Velenice, this new site serves as an important reference point for prehistoric human presence in the Svitavka river valley.
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Okrouhlík. Excavation of Mesolithic settlement area in the Kamenice river canyon
Svoboda, Jiří ; Hajnalová, M. ; Horáček, I. ; Novák, Martin ; Přichystal, A. ; Šajnerová, A.
This paper introduces a group of newly discovered Mesolithic rockshelter sites, clustered at the confluence of two rocky canyons in the sandstone region of North Bohemia, Czech Republic (Dolský Mlýn, Šamanská rokle, Prasečí převis, Ferdinandova soutěska, Kostelní rokle). The Okrouhlík rockshelter, representative of the Early Mesolithic stage, was excavated almost completely, demonstrating internal within-site patterning: a central hearth, system of surrounding kettle-shaped pits, and two large, stone-filled, marginally located hearths. Analyses of the environmental data, fauna, and raw material, typological and use-wear analyses of lithic artifacts are included.
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