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Virus interaction with the cellular DNA damage response
Lemberková, Eva ; Šroller, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kadlečková, Dominika (referee)
Maintenance of genomic integrity is an essential mechanism for every cell. Genomic integrity is disturbed by diverse exogenous or endogenous effects influencing the cell and causing damage of its DNA. Cellular mechanisms capable of fixing these disturbances in structure or sequence are indispensable because damaged genetic information can later cause expression of damaged proteins or inaccurate segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells. Therefore, many effective mechanisms for fixing wide range of types of DNA damage have evolved. This thesis focuses mainly on the eucaryotic MRN complex, which plays an important role in detection and repair of double strand breaks. Many viral families try to block these cellular repair mechanisms because they are activated soon after viral infection. One of the reasons for their activation is the resemblance of some viral genomes to the cellular DNA with double strand breaks. Thus, in many cases, the cell ends up inhibiting the life cycle of the virus by attempting to repair viral genomes. However, there are viruses that use cellular repair mechanisms for the replication of their genome, making these mechanisms essential for their own growth. Key words: DNA damage response, homologous recombination, non-homologous end-joining, MRN complex, Adenoviridae,...
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Mechanisms of DNA repair in the moss Physcomitrella patens
Holá, Marcela ; Angelis, Karel (advisor) ; Bříza, Jindřich (referee) ; Fajkus, Jiří (referee)
Over the course of an organism's life, its genome is exposed to endogenous and exogenous chemical, physical and biological agents - genotoxins. These genotoxins alter its basic structural components - sugar residues, phosphodiester bonds, and nitrogenous bases. Organisms have therefore evolved a plethora of different strategies to both repair DNA lesions and maintain genomic stability. These DNA repair pathways are linked with several other cell pathways, including chromatin remodelling, DNA replication, transcription, cell cycle control, apoptosis - programmed cell death (PCD), thereby providing a coordinated cellular response to DNA damage. Biochemical mechanisms of DNA repair are relatively well understood in yeast and mammals, however, far less so in plants. While these repair mechanisms are evolutionary conserved, significant differences still remain. Therefore, further investigation is required. This thesis summarises the introduction of a novel plant model - the moss, Physcomitrella patens (Physcomitrella). As a haploid gametophyte with unique characteristics of high frequency of homologous recombination (HR), and apical growth of filaments, it is an ideal organism to study DNA repair in plants. Previous research on Physcomitrella regarding mechanisms of DNA lesion repair induced by...
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Mechanisms of DNA repair in the moss Physcomitrella patens
Holá, Marcela ; Angelis, Karel (advisor) ; Bříza, Jindřich (referee) ; Fajkus, Jiří (referee)
Over the course of an organism's life, its genome is exposed to endogenous and exogenous chemical, physical and biological agents - genotoxins. These genotoxins alter its basic structural components - sugar residues, phosphodiester bonds, and nitrogenous bases. Organisms have therefore evolved a plethora of different strategies to both repair DNA lesions and maintain genomic stability. These DNA repair pathways are linked with several other cell pathways, including chromatin remodelling, DNA replication, transcription, cell cycle control, apoptosis - programmed cell death (PCD), thereby providing a coordinated cellular response to DNA damage. Biochemical mechanisms of DNA repair are relatively well understood in yeast and mammals, however, far less so in plants. While these repair mechanisms are evolutionary conserved, significant differences still remain. Therefore, further investigation is required. This thesis summarises the introduction of a novel plant model - the moss, Physcomitrella patens (Physcomitrella). As a haploid gametophyte with unique characteristics of high frequency of homologous recombination (HR), and apical growth of filaments, it is an ideal organism to study DNA repair in plants. Previous research on Physcomitrella regarding mechanisms of DNA lesion repair induced by...
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