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Drugs in municipal wastewaters and their removal
Weberová, Kateřina ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Kopecká, Ivana (referee)
This research bachelor's thesis focuses on the occurence of illicit drugs in municipal wastewaters and their removal in wastewater treatment plants. The thesis focuses in detail on four psychoactive substances, which are tetrahydrocannabinol, MDMA, cocaine and methamphetamine, and their most commonly monitored metabolites. The work provides an overview of their presence in the aquatic environment and in wastewaters at the influent to wastewater treatment plants. In surface water, substances are found in concentrations up to hundreds of nanograms per liter. Concentrations of drugs at the influent to wastewater treatment plants normally range from tens to hundreds of nanograms per liter, with increased consumption reaching several thousand nanograms per liter. The thesis also focuses to efficiency of removal of selected psychoactive substances and their main metabolites during different stages of wastewater treatment. The findings indicate that the primary treatment is significant for tetrahydrocannabinol, less so for other substances. Tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites, in contrast to the other investigated substances, are lipophilic and their sorption occurs on the solid phase of wastewater. High concentrations of cannabinoids occur in sewage sludge, where they can persist in lower...
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Experiences of ecstasy users in nightlife setting in Prague with ecstasy drug checking
Matušák, Martin ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: Ecstasy is one of the most commonly used substances in the nightlife environment. It is available exclusively on the illegal market, which entails risks such as unknown composition and variable amounts of the active substance. Drug checking programs help reduce these risks. However, standard testing services are not available in the Czech Republic, and drug users are therefore dependent on testing using colorimetric tests. Aims: The main objective of the thesis was to find out the attitudes and experiences of participants at dance events who have experience with the use of ecstasy, with the composition of ecstasy and testing of its composition. Methods: The research was carried out using a questionnaire survey carried out directly in dance clubs with electronic dance music in Prague in March 2023. A total of 149 participants of dance events obtained by random non-probability sampling were surveyed. Results: The risk of high amounts of MDMA in ecstasy was not often a cause for concern, while the presence of more dangerous substances for most was. Colorimetric reagent tests were used by 21% of respondents, and the most common method of obtaining them was through friends. A free ecstasy checking service, if available, would be used by 82% of respondents and 76% said that if testing...
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Prospects of PTSD treatment in war veterans with psychadelic-assisted psychotherapy
Štefánik, Timotej ; Kazharski, Aliaksei (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
The work examines the prospects of the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in veterans of war with the use of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. At the moment, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is only partially legal. The term encompasses many substances - currently the only widely-used psychedelic dissociative administered in therapy is ketamine. The substance which is most likely to be the next in the implementation queue is MDMA and psilocybin. This work examines the history of psychedelics and the sources of stigma this term carries. It also examines a number of compelling studies that are pointing to the fact MDMA-assisted psychotherapy might be a useful tool in dealing with veteran PTSD. The empirical part of this research is of qualitative nature. With the use of in-depth interviews, the author gathered data on the state of affairs of the psychedelic research in the Czech Republic and was searching for the obstacles to the implementation of psychedelic therapy. The main conclusion is that psychedelic-assisted therapy faces obstacles in implementation in the form of lack of scientific knowledge on the subject on part of the public, and also faces legal and financial hurdles. The legal hurdles might be lifted in the coming years due to the movement forward in this regard. The...
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Use of thermal imaging to determine the effect of ecstasy on the overheating of human organism
Kováčová, Tereza ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Minařík, Jakub (referee)
Basis: Ecstasy is often seen as a non-addictive substance, which can cause dehydration and dangerous overheating of the human body. Despite the fact that these side effects are often described in literature, ecstasy remains one of the most popular illegal drugs used in the dance scene. Objective: The main aim of the research was to prove the effect of ecstasy (MDMA) on human thermoregulation and on the subsequent overheating of the organism. Meanwhile we demonstrate that thermal imaging can be used to measure statistically significant differences in temperature in respondents currently under the influence of ecstasy versus sober respondents. The secondary aim was to assess the effect of the amount of used ecstasy on the resulting temperature of the organism. Methodology: Thermal quantitative data were obtained as physical measurements by thermal imager. Next to that, additional information was collected in the form of a brief structured interview with respondents. The research cohort consisted of 14 respondents of the control group who had not used any addictive substance before the measurement and 25 respondents of the study group who were currently under the influence of ecstasy (MDMA). Body temperature was measured in the face area, while a methodologically appropriate area of the inner corner...
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Selection of optimal variant for house financing/mortgage refinancing
PILSOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to select the optimal variant of mortgage loan financing after the end of the previous fixation using the methods of Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM). In the practical part is presented a model situation of a particular client, which is based on my personal experience. A set of evaluation criteria and its preferences was selected. The Saatys method, including the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), is chosen to determine the weights of these criteria as well as the selection of the optimal variant. The set of options includes mortgage loans from existing and competing banks, building savings loans, a combination of a mortgage loan and an investment product, and offset loan.
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Psychedelics in psychology
DRAHÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis focuses on the current renaissance of the use of psychedelics in psychological research and practice. The thesis offers both a view into the history of the use of the effects associated with the use of psychedelics, and above all focuses on the findings of the latest research. It summarizes the research findings dealing with their therapeutic effects in the treatment of mental illnesses. Two areas of psychedelic use in treatment are described in more detail. There is an overview of researches from 1965 to 2016 dealing with dying patients in the terminal stage of the disease. The second area includes psychological factors affecting addiction treatment and summarizes the results of several studies dealing with different types of addiction.
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Drug Scene and Living in Squats in Příbramsko
FÁROVÁ, Barbora
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of drug scene and life in squats. These are the serious social problems of today's society. The work deals with this issue within the particular region for which the Přibram region was selected. The drug scene and living in squats in Přibram is a very topical issue. Drugs are becoming more popular especially among young people. The reasons are many young people try, where are actually their borders. The specific reasons may include, for example, family problems, problems at school or with a partner as well. The aim is to map the drug scene and squatting in Příbram through eyes of people using illegal substances. Work is focused on drugs in the general aspect determination by origin, by their action, and by the risk of addiction. Drug dependence is the inability to dispense with the drug, which is typical for addicts. The drug scene in the Czech Republic is especially characteristic by being drawn from drugs that are most prevalent in our country it is cannabis, MDMA (ecstasy) and last but not least methamphetamine. In the Central region, the situation is more or less constant for several years. Squatting is unlawful occupation of empty houses and their subsequent impoverished countryside populated. Nowadays in squats we can meet a number of drug - addicted people. For thesis the chosen method is quantitative research. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on several problematic areas. They are drugs, the drug scene in the Czech Republic, social work with drug addicts and squatting. The practical part is devoted to the investigation questionnaire, which will take place in Contact Center Příbram. The questionnaire survey is completely anonymous, and respondents are asked about illegal drugs, their use and squatting. The research survey worked with three hypotheses. The first hypothesis assumed that an experience with squatting in researched region has rather men than women. This hypothesis was refuted. The second hypothesis was: The users of illegal drugs of the researched region over 25 years of age prefer intravenous use of addictive substance while younger users choose less risk of use, and it was confirmed. The third hypothesis, assuming that more men than women spend daily over 500 CZK for drugs, was also confirmed.
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Abuse of ecstasy in South Bohemia region and possibilities of prevention
POLÁK, Robert
Ecstasy, MDMA (3,4-methylendioxymetamfetamin) is a synthetic, psychoactive substance, chemically similar to stimulant methamphetamine and hallucinogenic mescaline. MDMA is active primarily on neurons in the brain. For the communication with other neurons, neurons are using serotonin. Serotonin system plays a significant role in regulation of mood, aggressiveness, sleep and pain sensitivity. In high dosage MDMA disturbs the ability of the body to regulate body temperature. This may lead to fast increase in body temperature (hyperthermia). Ecstasy is generally considered to be a rather safe drug, although a number of physical as well as psychiatrical consecutive health problems have occurred. Specific mechanisms of MDMA toxicity have still not been fully clarified; however, it is obvious that these cannot be attributed only to MDMA over dosage or the use of impure tablets (i.e. e. toxicity cannot be ascribed plainly to admixture in tablets).
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