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Effect of fertilization and species composition on the quality of meadow fodder
Fučíková, Milena ; Hrevušová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Marie, Marie (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to assess the effect of long-term application of different doses of nitrogen with phosphorus and potassium on proportion of agrobotanical groups, on forage quality and yield of the grasslands vegetation of the type Arrhenatherion elatioris.
Longterm experiment is located near the village of Senožaty (Pelhřimov). This is mesophilous meadow with a predominance of Arrhenatherum elatius. An experiment in the form of random sample of blocks includes six varieties of fertilization: unfertilized control, PK, N50PK, N100PK, N150PK and N200PK. Evaluation of the botanical composition, forage quality and yields of meadow fodder was carried out in the 1st cut, the 2nd cut and the 3rd cut. Composition of grass, legumes and other dicots plants was evaluated by weight method. Qualitative parameters of the forage (crude protein, crude fiber, PDIE and organic matter digestibility) were evaluated by NIR spectroscopy.
The results show that yield of aboveground biomass in the first cut has been twice bigger on plots of nitrogen fertilization than unfertilized control. Variants N50PK to N200PK contained 90 % of grasses, lower than 2 % legumes and lower than 6 % other herbs. Content of crude protein and crude fiber was increased with increasing dose of nitrogen applied. In first cut was highest organic matter digestibility in variants N100PK in comparison with other variants. Yield of dry matter aboveground biomass was half in the second cut compared with the first. On variants N100PK to N200PK was high proportion of grasses and very low proportion of legumes and other herbs. In the second mowing, the highest content of crude protein have been find out in biomass of unfertilized control. The crude fiber content increased with the intensity of fertilization. In the third cut, yield of dry matter biomass was very low, but content of crude protein and PDIE was high. In dry matter biomass in third mowing, content of crude fiber was lowest and organic matter digestibility was highest. Significant correlation between the proportion of individual agrobotanical groups and forage quality were found only in the fiber content of the 1st and 2nd cut and PDIE in forage 3rd cut.
The results of the thesis show that the forage quality, yield of dry biomass and botanical composition of grassland type Arrhenatherion elatioris is most appropriate fertilize 50 kg N.ha-1 with phosphorus and potassium.
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