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Positive and negative aspects of ketosis on human health
Kulhavá, Barbora ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Alán, Lukáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of ketosis and ketogenic diets. It describes the process of formation of ketone bodies and its regulation, it also focuses on the process of utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues. The goal of this thesis was to summarize the positive benefits of ketosis in the treatment of some serious diseases, its effectiveness in reducing body weight and its positive benefits in the adaptation of the human body to starvation. The work also focuses on the possible negative influence of ketogenic diets in the development of chronic kidney disease. After processing the literature sources on the problem of negative and positive aspects of ketosis on the human body, it became clear that under professional guidance, the ketogenic diet and ketosis that is associated with it have an overwhelmingly positive effect on the human health. KEY WORDS: Ketosis, ketogenic diet, ketone bodies, cancer treatment, childhood epilepsy, ketoacidosis
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Ketózy u dojného skotu, jejich léčba a profylaxe
Hronová, Julie
Ketosis is considered the most common and economically very important metabolic disease in high producing dairy cows. At the onset of lactation, the energy metabolism of dairy cows is disturbed and they enter into a negative energy balance. The main symptom of ketosis is an increased concentration of ketone bodies in urine, milk and blood. Ketone bodies are composed of acetone, acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid, which is the highest in relation to ketone body composition. Clinical signs of ketosis are characterized by weight loss, decreased performance, impaired reproductive performance and the possibility of other metabolic diseases. Prevention is very important to avoid the development of ketosis and the large economic losses resulting from this disease. The basic preventive measure is proper nutritional management in the pre- and postnatal period.
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Isotachophoretic determination of ketone bodies and lactate in cattle serum
Vyskočilová, V. ; Pechová, A. ; Pantůčková, Pavla
The aim of the work was the optimization of isotachophoretic determination of lactate and ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) for veterinary medicine. The measurement of these metabolites is very important for the evaluation of metabolic diseases of cattle. The complete separation of these three analytes together with other possible blood components was achieved using 10 mmol/l hydrochloric acid with beta-alanine as a leading electrolyte at pH = 3.15 and 10 mmol/l sodium propionate as a terminating electrolyte. Limits of detection determined from the standard mixture for acetoacetate, lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate were 3.75 mu mol/l, 3.96 mu mol/l and 7.46 mu mol/l, respectively.
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NITRIC OXIDE AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Šnorek, Michal ; Herget, Jan (advisor) ; Ošťádal, Petr (referee) ; Al-Hiti, Hikmet (referee)
In cardiology, there are different conditions associated with the release of free radicals in some forms of hypoxia, such as ventilatory hypoxia or reduced perfusion. The role of free radicals during hypoxia in cardiology is the key point of our interest. In presented thesis, we have focused on hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and acute myocardial ischemia. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), an important physiological mechanism, is regulated by changes in the production of and interactions among reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is controversy, however, over whether HPV is mediated by an increase or a decrease in ROS production. Also, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in HPV remains unclear. Our results indicate that inhibition of HPV by the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol does not depend on either NO production or a decrease in basal vascular tone. The effect of three-day fasting on cardiac ischemic tolerance was investigated in another experimental model. Short-term fasting conclusively decreases ROS production. Three-day fasting effectively protected rat hearts against major endpoints of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. It prevented severe ventricular arrhythmias and reduced the extent of myocardial infarction. These beneficial effects can be linked to altered mitochondrial redox...
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