|
|
Deep-Seabed Mining in the Area: Environmental Aspects of the Legal Framework
Hron, Štěpán ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
85 11 Abstract Deep Seabed Mining in the Area: Environmental Aspects of the Legal Framework The thesis focuses on the environmental aspects of regulation of deep-seabed mining in areas outside national jurisdictions, collectively referred to as the Area. Deep Seabed Mining (DSBM) is a potential future method of commercial extraction of non-renewable resources, metals and rare earths, collectively referred to as Minerals, conducted at depths between one and six kilometres below the ocean surface. Like all other mining operations, these activities would affect the surrounding ecosystems and the ocean environment as a whole, which is already under considerable pressure from other human activities. Effective protection of the marine environment therefore requires sophisticated legislative and policy framework to avoid irreversible and unacceptable consequences, including loss of genetic resources, biodiversity and deepening threats to climate stability. The diverse set of rules that govern the DBSM has been shaped over the last 50 years by various interest groups and under the influence of the latest scientific knowledge and technological developments. Its backbone are the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the 1994 Implementation Agreement. The provisions of Part XI of UNCLOS...
|
|
|
The protection of international watercourses
Janoščíková, Markéta ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Protection of International Watercourses The purpose of the Thesis is to analyze the present degree of the protection of international watercourses and to describe three main levels: international law, European law and Czech law. Although the issue of environmental protection and sustainable use of international watercourses is considered to be one of the most significant problems of the present society, the topic has been rather neglected by Czech scholars. Analytical, logical and historical methods were primarily applied in the study. The thesis is composed of four chapters, which are furthermore divided into sections and subsections. The term "international watercourses" usually designates rivers, lakes and groundwater sources shared by two or more states. Chapter one deals with international customary law (especially equitable utilization and no harm principle), international treaty law (global and regional cooperation as well as non- binding documents) and selected major cases important for the evolution of protection of water. In the past, international water law concerned mostly with allocating water supply between riparian states. Nowadays the law concentrates more on permissible uses of watercourses and preventing pollution of freshwater resources as well as water ecosystems. The second...
|
|
|
Role of International Courts in Protecting the Environment
Káva, Adam ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
The thesis provides an analysis of the developments in international environmental law achieved through judicial activity of international courts from circa 2005 onwards. Analysed is the relevant practice of the International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the European Court for Human Rights, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. First chapter presents the general characteristics of their judicial activity in this area, while the subsequent chapters deal with each of the institutions, analysing the outcomes of their activity, particularly with regard to specifying obligations of states and the interpretation of human rights in connection with environmental protection, and the developments in the courts' handling of environmental cases. Attention is also given to possible setting up of a specialised international court for the environment.
|
|
|
The protection of international watercourses
Janoščíková, Markéta ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Protection of International Watercourses The purpose of the Thesis is to analyze the present degree of the protection of international watercourses and to describe three main levels: international law, European law and Czech law. Although the issue of environmental protection and sustainable use of international watercourses is considered to be one of the most significant problems of the present society, the topic has been rather neglected by Czech scholars. Analytical, logical and historical methods were primarily applied in the study. The thesis is composed of four chapters, which are furthermore divided into sections and subsections. The term "international watercourses" usually designates rivers, lakes and groundwater sources shared by two or more states. Chapter one deals with international customary law (especially equitable utilization and no harm principle), international treaty law (global and regional cooperation as well as non- binding documents) and selected major cases important for the evolution of protection of water. In the past, international water law concerned mostly with allocating water supply between riparian states. Nowadays the law concentrates more on permissible uses of watercourses and preventing pollution of freshwater resources as well as water ecosystems. The second...
|
guest ::
