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The significance of platinum in the environment
Brestovská, Marta ; Holubová, Zuzana (referee) ; Sommer, Lumír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with monitoring of individual platinum compounds in the environment (water, soil, air) and is also reviewing methods used for their analysis. The no less important determination of platinum in tissues and body fluids, when the platinum is used in form of a cisplatin as an anticancer drug, is also mentioned. Afterwards the anticancer drug itself or its derivatives and metabolites on the base of platinum complexes in clinical sample (urine, plasma) are determined. Mainly the ICP-AES, ICP-MS, ETA-AAS, HPLC methods are highlighted from the methods used for the determination of Pt. The on-line connection between some of these methods such as ICP-MS with HPLC or ICP-AES with HPLC seems to be useful. The spectrofotometric methods using organic and inorganic agents can also be used for the determination of platinum. These methods are mentioned here rather marginally, just for completeness. In terms of practical use they are difficultly reproducible and not very sensitive. The hydrolysis of platinum metals to form insoluble hydrated oxides makes also the determination difficult.
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Study of penetration of selected substances from elderberry extracts through biological membrane
Škubalová, Zuzana ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This Diploma thesis focuses on the study of penetration of selected phenolic substances contained in extract from black elder (Sambucus nigra) via modelling systems represented by two types of synthetic membranes and a real system represented by a biological membrane. As a biological membrane, we have chosen skin from pig´s earlobe. Experiments of transdermal absorption and absorption through synthetic membranes were conducted through vertical (Franz´s) cells. Selected substances contained in the extract from black elder were rutin and chlorogenic acid. The main focus of this work was to determine how readily, or if at all, these two selected phenolic substances penetrate the skin and selected synthetic membranes. The percentage of absorbed amount of the substance was determined by HPLC analysis.
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The influence of culinary processing on content of biogenic amines and polyamine in selected edible mushrooms.
WOLFOVÁ, Pavla
The intention of this dissertation was an assessment of biogenic amines (BA) and polyamines (PA) by the usage of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in the concrete histamine (HIM), tyramine (TYM), 2-phenyl ethylamine (PEA), tryptamine (TRM), spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD) and putrescine (PUT) in Velvet Bolete ( Suillus variegatus, (Sw.) Kuntze) and Bay Bolete ( Boletus badius, Fr.). The dissertation was focused on the influence of kitchen treatments by the method of pasteurization, freezing and subsequent storage of treated mushrooms on the content of biogenic amines and polyamines. Pasteurized samples were analysed immediately after adjustment on day 0 and then after three, six, nine and twelve months after storage in the dark place at 22 °C. The highest concentration in the pasteurized Velvet Bolete sample was observed in putrescine (1079 mg/kg). In the process of the experiment, this one and other biogenic amines levels decreased, except for tyramine, which showed a slight increase. The highest concentration in pasteurized Bay Bolete sample was also observed in putrescine (768 mg/kg) which, together with other biogenic amines levels, decreased. The frozen samples were stored at -16 °C and samples were taken every third, sixth, ninth and dozenth month. Changes in the concentration of biogenic amines and polyamines in the frozen sample of Velvet Bolete were identical with changes during pasteurization. Changes in the concentration of biogenic amines and polyamines in frozen sample of Bay Bolete were different from the pasteurized sample. Tryptamine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels increased steadily, whereas the 2-phenylethylamine and tyramine levels decreased slightly. The monitoring results show that not even a unprofessional method of preserving wild mushrooms will lead to a substantial increase in the levels of biogenic amines and polyamines in the material of the wildly growing edible mushrooms.
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Study of penetration of selected substances from elderberry extracts through biological membrane
Škubalová, Zuzana ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This Diploma thesis focuses on the study of penetration of selected phenolic substances contained in extract from black elder (Sambucus nigra) via modelling systems represented by two types of synthetic membranes and a real system represented by a biological membrane. As a biological membrane, we have chosen skin from pig´s earlobe. Experiments of transdermal absorption and absorption through synthetic membranes were conducted through vertical (Franz´s) cells. Selected substances contained in the extract from black elder were rutin and chlorogenic acid. The main focus of this work was to determine how readily, or if at all, these two selected phenolic substances penetrate the skin and selected synthetic membranes. The percentage of absorbed amount of the substance was determined by HPLC analysis.
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Evaluation of hop quality from traditional and non-traditional region of cultivation
NOVÁKOVÁ, Renata
In this thesis, "The Evaluation of the Quality of Hops from Traditional and Non-traditional Growing Areas", the quality of three varieties of hop seed cones (Saaz, Sladek and Kazbek) from a non-traditional hop-growing region was analyzed and the data used for comparison. The primary aim of the study was to determine if there is a possibility of growing quality hops in a region that is not considered a hop-growing region. The hops that were tested were harvested in 2015 from a private hopfield located in Obora near Tábor. This hopfield is owned and managed by Ing. Martin Novák. Mechanical and chemical analysis was carried out on samples from Obora. The main goal of the analysis was to determine the alpha and beta acid content of the hop seed cones harvested there. Samples were analyzed with EBC 7.7 (HPLC). Alpha acid content of the tested samples in Saaz hops was 4.06 % w/w, in Sladek 7.14 % w/w and in Kazbek 4.67 % w/w. The content of beta acids in Saaz hops was 3.16 % w/w, in Sladek 3.93 % w/w and in Kazbek 4.51 % w/w. The collected data was then compared to published data for hops grown in traditional hop-growing regions. Alpha acid content was found to be higher in the hops grown in Obora, while beta acid content was lower.
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The significance of platinum in the environment
Brestovská, Marta ; Holubová, Zuzana (referee) ; Sommer, Lumír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with monitoring of individual platinum compounds in the environment (water, soil, air) and is also reviewing methods used for their analysis. The no less important determination of platinum in tissues and body fluids, when the platinum is used in form of a cisplatin as an anticancer drug, is also mentioned. Afterwards the anticancer drug itself or its derivatives and metabolites on the base of platinum complexes in clinical sample (urine, plasma) are determined. Mainly the ICP-AES, ICP-MS, ETA-AAS, HPLC methods are highlighted from the methods used for the determination of Pt. The on-line connection between some of these methods such as ICP-MS with HPLC or ICP-AES with HPLC seems to be useful. The spectrofotometric methods using organic and inorganic agents can also be used for the determination of platinum. These methods are mentioned here rather marginally, just for completeness. In terms of practical use they are difficultly reproducible and not very sensitive. The hydrolysis of platinum metals to form insoluble hydrated oxides makes also the determination difficult.
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Lipidome LC/MS Analysis in the Insect Adaptation and Development Studies
TOMČALA, Aleš
Insects represent very useful experimental model in various branches of biological research. The investigation is driven by economic importance of many insect species, and also by biological features of insects as model organisms such as short period of reproduction, easy breeding and manipulation and, in particular, the minimal regulatory requirements which are associated to the management of vertebrates. Here we report robust and efficient LC/MS/MS methodology for the determination of the physiologically important lipid molecular species in insects. The target metabolites represent polar glycerophos-phopholipids (GPL) and nonpolar lipids diacylglycerols (DG) and triacylglycerols (TG). Combination of the LC/MS data with the subsequent GC fatty acid analysis enables complete structural elucidation of particular lipid species including their fatty acid compositions. The developed methodology was applied to studies of the chill tolerance of the firebug Pyrhocorris appterus. Fields and laboratory experiments were conducted to separate the triggering effects of low temperature, desiccation and diapause progression on the physiological characteristics related to chill tolerance with emphasis on the restructuring of GPL composition. The same effect on the GPL composition was observed during acclimatization in the field and cold acclimation in laboratory. By contrast, the GPL changes related to desiccation and diapause progression were relatively small (Tomčala et al, 2006). In adults of Drosophila melanogaster it has been found that acclimation at 15, 20 and 25°C during preimaginal development affects thermal tolerance and composition of membrane GPLs. Low temperature acclimation was associated with increase in proportion of ethanolamine at the expense of choline in GPLS. Relatively small, but statistically significant changes in lipid molecular compositon were observed with decreasing acclimation temperature (Overgard et al, 2008). Hormonal treatment studies on insect model Locusta migratoria showed a heterogeneous distribution of individual DGs in haemolymph after the hormone application and revealed that mobilization of the DGs is molecular species-specific with the highest proportion of DG 16:0/18:1 and forming in summary about 20% of the total mobilized DG content. Additional analysis of fat body triacylglycerols revealed that the AKH mobilizes the DGs specifically with the preference of those possessing the unsaturated C18 fatty acids (FAs). The fat body FAs with more than 18 carbons did not participate on the mobilization (Tomcala et al, 2009). The LC/MS methodology was further applied to lipid composition studies of several samples with very diverse biological origin (fish, human blood etc.) and was proved to be universally applicable to the wide scope of biological samples.
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