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Evolution by gene duplication with regard to subfunctionalization.
Romášek, Marek ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Reifová, Radka (referee)
Evolution by gene duplication has been a prominent topic of biology for various decades. Novel methods and approaches recently brought about a considerable progress in our understanding of this phenomenon. The aim of this thesis is to review the modern conceptions of preservation of duplicate genes in genomes of organisms and the processes involved. Another goal is to assess the significance of the concept of subfunctionalization, resolving of ancestral functions among the duplicates, leading to their preservation.
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Elucidating the interactions of interleukin-1alpha with components of the eukaryotic transcription machinery
Zámostná, Blanka ; Pospíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee) ; Mělková, Zora (referee)
4 ABSTRACT Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a pleiotropic cytokine and a key mediator of host immune response. It is synthesised as a 31-kDa precursor, that is cleaved by the cysteine protease calpain into the 17-kDa mature IL-1α and the 16-kDa N- terminal peptide of IL-1α (IL-1αNTP). Although IL-1α can be secreted, act on target cells through the surface receptor IL-1RI and trigger the signal transduction pathway, increasing evidence points toward the involvement of IL-1α in certain nuclear processes. IL-1αNTP is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes and contains a nuclear localisation sequence; indeed, both the precursor and IL-1αNTP are found in the cell nucleus. Previously, a genetic interaction of IL-1α with nuclear histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes has been reported from mammalian cells and, interestingly, also from the heterologous yeast model. This thesis extends the research of the nuclear function of IL-1α and demonstrates that IL-1α physically associates with the HAT/Core module of yeast SAGA and ADA HAT complexes. Results of the HAT subunit gene knock-out experiments followed by a set of co-immunoprecipitations also suggest a novel model of the yeast SAGA complex assembly, in which ADA appears to represent only a partly functional HAT complex. In its natural milieu of mammalian cells, IL-1α...
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Evolution by gene duplication with regard to subfunctionalization.
Romášek, Marek ; Reifová, Radka (referee) ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor)
Evolution by gene duplication has been a prominent topic of biology for various decades. Novel methods and approaches recently brought about a considerable progress in our understanding of this phenomenon. The aim of this thesis is to review the modern conceptions of preservation of duplicate genes in genomes of organisms and the processes involved. Another goal is to assess the significance of the concept of subfunctionalization, resolving of ancestral functions among the duplicates, leading to their preservation.
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