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The role of extracellular vesicles in transmission of dsRNA viruses in parasitic protist Trichomomas vaginalis.
Horáčková, Jana ; Rada, Petr (advisor) ; Voleman, Luboš (referee)
Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist found in the human urogenital tract, where it adheres to the epithelial cells. During infection, T. vaginalis cells release extracellular vesicles that allow them to communicate with each other and modulate the host immune response. Most studied T. vaginalis strains contain dsRNA Trichomonasviruses (TVVs). These viruses belong to the Totiviridae family, which includes other dsRNA viruses from various parasitic protists. TVV is transmitted vertically to the daughter cells during cell division. Horizontal transfer of TVV between T. vaginalis cells has not yet been proven. TVV particles were found inside small extracellular vesicles that release infected T. vaginalis into the extracellular space. In this thesis, it was shown that TVV could be transmitted between trichomonads during co-cultivation of infected and uninfected trichomonads. However, stable TVV infection of trichomonads was not observed. It was also proven that extracellular vesicles from infected trichomonads could transmit TVV among other trichomonads. Nevertheless, this way of transmission did not lead to the stable TVV infection of trichomonads either.
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Role of exosomes and ectosomes in Trichomonas vaginalis virulence
Göblová, Rebeka ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Ditrich, Oleg (referee)
Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease with approximately 275 mil new cases annually. Virulence of this parasitic depends on at least four factors: cell shape transformation, cytoadherence, secretion of cysteine proteases, and presence of endosymbionts. Over the past decades, extracellular vesicles appeared being another important player in the host-parasite interaction. It was discovered that T. vaginalis is one of the protists that can shed the extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and ectosomes. These vesicles are possibly involved in host-parasite communications, however limited information is available about their function. To investigate a possible role of exosomes in T. vaginalis virulence, we first selected suitable strain, which is free of endosymbionts (TV 17-2MI). Next we prepared six clones of TV 17-2MI strain to test whether the strain is homogenous concerning the virulence, or there are differences in virulence among individual cells. Mouse intraperitoneal virulence tests revealed that the clones displayed significant differences in virulence level, particularly in abscess formation and mortality of infected animals. Thus, for the first time we demonstrated heterogeneity of cells derived from a single T. vaginalis strain...
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Exosomes in parasitic protists
Horáčková, Jana ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Štáfková, Jitka (referee)
Most cells release extracellular vesicles. These vesicles are exosomes, ectosomes and apoptotic bodies. The main function of ectosomes and exosomes is the intracellular communication and transport of molecules between cells. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to review the current knowledge about exosomes and ectosomes and how these vesicles contribute to the pathogenicity of parasitic protists. The parasitic protists release exosomes and ectosomes that contribute to their development in the host and play a key role in their pathogenicity. Exosomes and ectosomes can also affect the immune system of the host and facilitate the invasion of parasitic protists into the host cells.
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