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The comparison of contemporary situation of USA and EU in the world economy
Drahorád, Jan ; Neumann, Pavel (advisor) ; Němcová, Ingeborg (referee)
The thesis focuses on the contemporary situation of the European Union and the United States in the world economy. By the help of basic economic indicators, it evaluates and compares actual economic development of both regions, especially in the new millennium. It also points to possible changes in mutual standing which have evolved in the process of economic development over the last few years by the influence of various factors such as natural disasters, wars in different parts of the world, world crisis, but also the process of globalization and continuing expansion of the EU. Above all the thesis focuses on international trade of these main centers, its structure and mutual cooperation. Main macroeconomic indicators are also identified, namely GDP growth, unemployment and inflation. These form the basis for comparison of both centers from an economic strength and development point of view and lead to the concluding main economic development concepts. Also analyzed are the two main currencies: the American dollar and the euro, their mutual interaction, and development of the exchange rate USD/EUR.
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Bulgaria and Romania: Economic Assessment of the EU Accession and Impact of the Global Financial Crisis
Kačmařík, Lukáš ; Abrhám, Josef (advisor) ; Bič, Josef (referee)
Bulgaria and Romania joined the European Union on January 1, 2007 and are so far the last countries to do so. Before this important step, both countries had undergone a long way of economic transformation from planned to free market economy. The transformation began in the early 1990s but so far it has not been finished. Compared to the other Central and Eastern European countries, Bulgaria and Romania still belong to the least developed ones, which is probably the most important reason why these countries did not join the EU in May 2004 together with other Central and Eastern European countries, but almost three years later, in January 2007. The thesis, however, focuses mainly on what happened after January 2007 and aims at analyzing the first years of Bulgaria and Romania in the enlarged European Union and discuss also possible effects of the upcoming economic and financial crisis on both countries. The subject matter of the thesis is divided into three main chapters, accompanied by introduction and summary of main conclusions. First part (Chapter 2) focuses in detail on the process of economic transformation in both countries, on the summarization of the pre-accession period and on the challenges both countries were facing at that time. Main focus here is on the home economy, foreign economic relations and home affairs including current political situation. Analysis of pre-accession negotiations with the EU focuses both on general issues and also on detailed monitoring of the whole process by the European Commission. Second part (Chapter 3) analyzes in detail the first years of Bulgaria and Romania in the EU. The chapter opens with analysis of nominal convergence and fulfillment of Maastricht criteria and continues with real and structural convergence, analysis of external balances and integration of product and financial markets. Labor mobility, structural aid, development of business environment and main challenges for both economies are discussed as well. Third part (Chapter 4) focuses on the latest development and shows the effects of the current economic and financial crisis on Bulgarian and Romanian economies. The chapter discusses development of short term economic indicators and tries to assess the actual impact of the crisis and macroeconomic development in 2009 and 2010. This is, however, extremely difficult due to persisting uncertainty and absence of robust economic predictions. The analysis thus suffers from unavailability of relevant and up-to-date information and economic data.
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Switzerland and its attitude towards the european integration
Šrámková, Eva ; Steinmetzová, Dana (advisor) ; Popovová, Marie (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse and to asses the reasons and causes of the Swiss attitude towards the european integration and to adumbrate the future development of this attitude with regard to the future development of the relations between EU and Switzerland during the economic crisis. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter characterises Switzerland politically a economically. It emphasises the influence of the direct democracy and political parties on government decisions. It describes the Swiss economy in light of macroeconomic indicators, then the sectors of economy, Swiss balance of payments and especially the foreign trade and the trading relations to the EU including the commodity structure. The second chapter deals with the main reasons of the negative attitude of Switzerland towards the regional integrations, characterises Switzerland as a member of the EFTA and focuses on the actual development of the bilateral relations to the EU. The third chapter describes the effects of the financial crisis on the Swiss economy and its impact on the future development of the relations to the EU.
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Development of relations between the EU and Russia with a view to a political sphere
Kotková, Lenka ; Dubský, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Cibulková, Petra (referee)
Since the establishment of the European Union and the Russian Federation, EU-Russian relations have changed dramatically. These changes have meant important progress for both parties, leading to efficient cooperation. Since the beginning of the nineties, a wide institutional structure has been created between members, governing spheres of economy, politics, security and culture. Although the process of integration had been initially very successful, present relations are going through a crisis of opinion leading to a slowdown in the smooth dynamic of communication. There are many problems within current relations whose origins spring not only from the disunity of opinion between the EU and Russia, but also from the differing rhetoric of European member states. Russia and the EU are facing important decisions over preferring unified cooperation rather than marginal economic interests, and agreeing on the final version of a long-prepared agreement on mutual partnership.
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Polarization of Economic Growth in the European Union
Martincová, Eva ; Damborský, Milan (advisor) ; Říhová, Gabriela (referee)
The theme of diploma thesis "Polarization of Economic Growth in the European Union" belongs to fundamental issues of recent regionalistics. The main aim is to demark poles of economic growth and periphery areas within the EU territory. This aim is followed by hypothesis that "at recent economic circumstances, economic activities are concentrated in the central part of the EU". First part of the thesis focuses on theoretic approaches, including economic growth poles definition, finding general factors of economic attractiveness of the region, their evolution and yet known findings about concentration of economic growth in the EU in economic, social and environmental dimension. In the following practical part, the main economic, social and environmental indicators are established. Using these indicators, areas that feature strong polarization of economic growth and in opposite, areas that can be marked as periphery, are defined within the EU.
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The competitiveness of human capital in new member states of the EU
Nevoralová, Lenka ; Bič, Josef (advisor) ; Řehořová, Veronika (referee)
This thesis focuses on the competitiveness of the new members of the European Union in the range of human capital. The aim of the thesis is to find out the competitive advantage of new member states. In the first chapter, I attend to human capital and its position in economy in general. In the second chapter, I compare new member countries with each other and with other members in the range of education (concretely the educational structure, the educational expenses and the quality of education) and labour costs. Then is compared the quality and the price of human capital in particular countries and indicated the possible development in the future.
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