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Legal and Political Dimension of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Ulík, Karel ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Landovský, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of compliance in the context of international treaties on protection of endangered species. Two important treaties are subject of the analysis - the 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (known as CITES) and the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. My research focuses on the question whether member states comply with their obligations arising from the treaties. If they do not, then I look for a response to the violation such as use of compliance instruments (e. g. sanctions) and its effect on the breaching state, mainly if the response (if there was any) was successful in making the state come back into compliance. Finally, based on experience with CITES, ICRW and other multilateral environmental treaties, I attempt to design some of the new ICRW compliance mechanism features in order to increase its effectiveness.
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Instruments for international organizations to compel their member states. An example of the conflict in Nagorno Karabakh.
Klepš, Václav ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
in English The object of this diploma thesis is to answer the question, how can international organizations (UN, Council of Europe and OSCE) effectively regulate conflicts among their member states, or which instruments are they for this purpose equipped with. The thesis is divided into three main parts - theoretical study, part dedicated to the individual international organizations and the case study. The first part offers a definition of basic legal concepts, as they will be used in the following parts of the study with an emphasis on the definition of the concept "coercion". The following part deals with the instruments of coercion the international organizations are equipped with. In the third part are the findings from the previous parts confronted with a real case of the effort to regulate the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia in Nagorno Karabakh. This structure of the thesis can be also described as a progress from a theoretic basis, through an applied theory contained in particular agreements, to their practical realization in the concrete case. Based on the completed study the author concludes that unilateral instruments of coercion, that the particular organizations have at their disposal, are often not appropriate (exclusion from organization), ineffective (political declaration)...
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