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Optimization of isolation and PCR methods for the identification of CMS in onion
PETERKA, Václav
This bachelor thesis deals with the optimization of different methods of DNA isolation from different types of onion (Allium cepa L.) samples and the subsequent detection of the Ms locus and the detection of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). The different types of DNA extractions performed and their results were compared and evaluated. The best quality DNA was isolated from leaves using the CTAB-PVP. These test samples were also used for PCR for the detection of CMS and Ms locus using several different markers, which were compared with each other. The most suitable markers were then used in the PCR for the main samples. DNA isolation by CTAB-PVP was also used for further DNA isolation from the main samples of onion, which were two sterile lines and four fertile lines. The extracted DNA from these samples was first used to detect the Ms locus. Detection was performed using the marker AcSKP1. The samples were collected over several weeks. The Ms locus was detected in all samples (C1C6), regardless of the age of the plant. However, the Ms locus was detected in various forms of zygosity in samples from lines designated C2, C4 and C5. Furthermore, the DNA samples were used to detect CMS in plants and the type of CMS was determined. The markers cob and orfA501were used for this detection. Using these markers, it was found that the lines that were declared sterile (lines designated C1 and C4) were indeed sterile and had the CMS-T sterility type. The lines C2, C3 and C6 that were labelled as fertile were also detected as sterile samples. This means that these lines are not 100% fertile. In the line designated as C5, no sterility was detected in any of the samples.
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Studz of direct and indirect plasma application on onion seeding bulbs
Krejsová, Lenka ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
Nowadays, agriculture is based on conventional methods that involve the application of pesticides, agricultural chemicals and fertilizers. These substances have a negative impact on nature and human health, so more environmentally friendly methods are being sought. This thesis deals with the analysis of fragrances in onions treated with plasma before planting. The treatment was carried out to see if it would improve onion growth while maintaining or increasing the fragrance content. The theoretical part deals with the soil and it is characterization methods, plasma, quantitative and qualitative methods for the determination of volatile substances. It contains the principles of UV-VIS spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), mass spectrometry (MS) as well as tandem connection of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The experimental part was carried out over a period of three years at 22 sites. The preparation and analysis of soil samples are described, which was also evaluated. Furthermore, the procedures for treating the bulbs with corona discharge and plasma-activated water before planting were described. In total, four treatment variants were carried out and bulbs from the fifth variant were not additionally treated. Each treatment variant was planted in four replications of ten bulbs each. Twenty selected grown onions from one site were individually converted to liquid samples and the saturated vapor was analysed by proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometry (PTR–TOF–MS). Thanks to this analysis, the concentrations of volatile substances were determined. Some samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometer as detector to identify the compounds. Subsequently, the data were processed and evaluated. From the results obtained, it is evident that plasma treatment can be useful for the treatment of onions in agriculture, because it confirmed harvest increase without decrease of fragrances concentrations. Thus, it is necessary to carry out experiments on a larger scale in the future.
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Analysis of aromatic compounds in plasma treated onion
Krejsová, Lenka ; Kozáková, Zdenka (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of fragrances in onions, which were exposed to plasma before planting. The adjustment was made to see if onion growth and yields would improve. The theoretical part deals with the quantitative and qualitative methods for the determination of volatile substances. It contains the principle and instrumentation of mass spectrometry as well as the tandem connection of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In the experimental part, a liquid sample was obtained by pressing. After 60 minutes, saturated vapors were analyzed by reactive ionization mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Thanks to this analysis, the concentration of volatile substances was determined. Some samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometer as detector to identify the compounds, because PTR-MS does not allow distinguishing of isomers. Subsequently, the data were processed and evaluated. From the gathered obtained it is clear that the plasma treatment has an effect on the fragrances concentrations. After six months of storage, the presence of some volatile substances increased due to increased biological activity.
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Determination of volatile substances of natural extracts intended for cosmetic application
Paskevych, Olha ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce je soustředěná na zkoumaní přírodních komerčně dostupných extraktů, které se používají do přírodní kosmetiky. Literární rešerše byla zaměřena na téma obsahu těkavých látek v přírodních extraktech používaných v kosmetice, jejich charakterizace a možnosti stanovení, problematika výskytu alergenů v přírodní kosmetice. Na základě tohoto přehledu byla navržena optimální metoda pro analýzu vzorků přírodních extraktů s přihlédnutím k dostupné analytické instrumentaci. Následující výtažky byly studovány se zaměřením na kvalitativní stanovení: mandle, aloe vera, hřebíček, Etiopská káva, zázvor, cibule.
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Acyklické organosirné sloučeniny v cibuli kuchyňské (\kur{Allium cepa})
ŠUSTR, Ondřej
This Bachelor thesis deals with acyclic organosulfur compounds of onion (Allium cepa). The aim of the work was to isolate and structurally characterize some of these compounds using a series of preparative HPLC fractionations. The theoretical part deals with major groups of currently known organosulfur compounds of onion, their formation pathways and biological properties. The experimental part describes the process of isolation of cepaenes.
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Analysis of aromatic compounds in plasma treated onion
Krejsová, Lenka ; Kozáková, Zdenka (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of fragrances in onions, which were exposed to plasma before planting. The adjustment was made to see if onion growth and yields would improve. The theoretical part deals with the quantitative and qualitative methods for the determination of volatile substances. It contains the principle and instrumentation of mass spectrometry as well as the tandem connection of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In the experimental part, a liquid sample was obtained by pressing. After 60 minutes, saturated vapors were analyzed by reactive ionization mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Thanks to this analysis, the concentration of volatile substances was determined. Some samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometer as detector to identify the compounds, because PTR-MS does not allow distinguishing of isomers. Subsequently, the data were processed and evaluated. From the gathered obtained it is clear that the plasma treatment has an effect on the fragrances concentrations. After six months of storage, the presence of some volatile substances increased due to increased biological activity.
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Determination of volatile substances of natural extracts intended for cosmetic application
Paskevych, Olha ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce je soustředěná na zkoumaní přírodních komerčně dostupných extraktů, které se používají do přírodní kosmetiky. Literární rešerše byla zaměřena na téma obsahu těkavých látek v přírodních extraktech používaných v kosmetice, jejich charakterizace a možnosti stanovení, problematika výskytu alergenů v přírodní kosmetice. Na základě tohoto přehledu byla navržena optimální metoda pro analýzu vzorků přírodních extraktů s přihlédnutím k dostupné analytické instrumentaci. Následující výtažky byly studovány se zaměřením na kvalitativní stanovení: mandle, aloe vera, hřebíček, Etiopská káva, zázvor, cibule.
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The possibilities of using growth stimulants as agents for limiting the consequences of water deficit with growing vegetable
Doležalová, Jitka ; Sus, Josef (advisor) ; Ivan, Ivan (referee)
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of a synthetic brassinolide and Atonik on the growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.; cultivars ´Alice´ and ´Lusy´) and head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata; cultivars ´Maršálus´, ´Mars´ and ´Santoro´) grown at two irrigation levels.
The treatment with brassinolide (1 nM) and Atonik (0.05 %) promoted germination at the beginning of the experiment in the onion (cultivar ´Alice´). The results also showed varietal differences in response to the treatments.
In field trials under conditions with optimal irrigation the influence of the treatments with synthetic brassinolide in the onion (cultivar ´Alice´) was proven on the mass of the individual bulbs and yield in 2013. In the case of reduced irrigation, the treatment with a concentration of 1 nM had a statistically significant positive influence on the mass of the individual bulbs (2013) and yield (2012) in the cultivar ´Alice´. With the cultivar ´Lusy´, the treatment with a concentration of 1 nM and 0.01 nM significantly increased the marketable yield relative to the control variant (2012).
The results of laboratory experiments showed that treatment of lettuce plants in the initial stage of the development with 1nM solution of synthetic brassinolide can be used to limit the consequences of reduced moisture conditions.
Significant increase of marketable heads was noted after treatment with synthetic brassinolide in filed experiments (head lettuce - cultivar ´Santoro´).
There were no significant differences among the ascorbic acid /nitrates contents of the treated vegetables.
The results confirmed that it was possible to reduce the negative impact of the water deficit in the cultivation of onion and lettuce with growth stimulants. It is, however, necessary to bear in mind which parameter of the plants should be affected and last but not least also the varying sensitivity of the species and cultivars to the treatment.
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Vliv hnojení sírou na produkci a kvalitu cibule kuchyňské
Pilař, Tomáš
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of the variety, dosage, form and the terms of sulfur fertilization in the production of onions. Without otherwise not altered amounts of other nutrients was evaluated the effect of half, whole and halved the dose of elemental sulfur and sulfate forms on yield, storability, sulfur and nitrate in onions. Issues was solved through field experiment in 2014, in Loděnice near Mor. Krumlov. Yield and storability of onions were statistically significantly affected by the dose and form of sulfur and varieties of onion. Sulfur fertilization had a statistically signifi-cant effect on the nitrate content and ratio of nitrogen and sulfur contained in onions. The results shows us, that the higher dose of sulfur fertilization was more effective than the lower dose of sulfur.
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Production process innovation analysis of Tuta s.r.o. company
Jančálek, Martin ; Mejdrech, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Jakubčík, Stanislav (referee)
My bachelor´s thesis is focused on implementation of innovation unit into a production process of Tuta, s.r.o. company. The target of the thesis is to describe and compare the production before and after innovative unit implementation, identify processes and evaluate advantages of innovation movement. Besides the operation side, the thesis describes a stage of contracting with South Korean business partner. The whole production of described company is onion peeling. The onion peeling machine uses air jet peeling system. Tuta, s.r.o. is the first ever company in Europe using this kind of mechanism promising low level of waste from the input.
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