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Collective Actions of the UN Security Council for Protection of Human Rights
Chrtová, Michaela ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
This thesis Collective Actions of the UN Security Council for the Protection of Human Rights deals with, as the title suggests, collective actions for the protection of human rights with the mandate of the UN Security Council. The thesis is divided into an introduction, conclusion, and four chapters. In the first chapter, the system of human rights protection is described, as it was set up within the newly-formed United Nations after World War II. This chapter also deals with collective actions of the UN Security Council, with or without the use of force, on a theoretical level, e.g. their authorization and possibility of measures that can be taken within the UN system against the perpetrator. Second chapter deals with examples of collective actions of the UN Security Council during the Cold War period. In this era, collective actions of the UN Security Council were authorized only twice, in case of South Africa as a reaction to their policy of apartheid, and in case of South Rhodesia as a reaction to the unilateral declaration of independence by the white minority government. Both cases are described in the chapter. The following chapter describes the development of human rights theories after the end of Cold War. With the end of the bipolar system, there is a shift in the perception of human...
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The legal nature and research of resolutions of the UN Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter
Vneková, Monika ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The United Nations Security Council is primarily responsible for maintenance of international peace and security according to the Charter of the United Nations. To achieve this goal, it is authorized to adopt resolutions binding on member states under Chapter VII of the Charter. Considering the character of situations to which the Security council responds through its Chapter VII resolutions, this legal instrument often stirs emotions among the general public. But what does the law itself say about the Chapter VII resolutions? What is their legal nature and value in the field of public international law? This thesis provides an analysis of the Chapter VII resolutions, offers a definition of a Chapter VII resolution and analyzes some specific resolutions by which the Security Council acted more as a quasi-judicial or a quasi-legislative body. Through analysis of content limits of the Security Council powers, the thesis endeavors to confirm that binding nature of the Chapter VII resolutions as well as an obligation of member states to give effect to those resolutions do have its boundaries; and despite the special role of the Security Council in the field of public international law, its Chapter VII resolutions cannot have unlimited content. First of all, the resolutions cannot be in conflict with...
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Collective Actions of the UN Security Council for Protection of Human Rights
Chrtová, Michaela ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
This thesis Collective Actions of the UN Security Council for the Protection of Human Rights deals with, as the title suggests, collective actions for the protection of human rights with the mandate of the UN Security Council. The thesis is divided into an introduction, conclusion, and four chapters. In the first chapter, the system of human rights protection is described, as it was set up within the newly-formed United Nations after World War II. This chapter also deals with collective actions of the UN Security Council, with or without the use of force, on a theoretical level, e.g. their authorization and possibility of measures that can be taken within the UN system against the perpetrator. Second chapter deals with examples of collective actions of the UN Security Council during the Cold War period. In this era, collective actions of the UN Security Council were authorized only twice, in case of South Africa as a reaction to their policy of apartheid, and in case of South Rhodesia as a reaction to the unilateral declaration of independence by the white minority government. Both cases are described in the chapter. The following chapter describes the development of human rights theories after the end of Cold War. With the end of the bipolar system, there is a shift in the perception of human...
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The Role of the Secretary General in the United Nations
Ouzká, Tereza ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The goal of this Thesis entitled The Role of the Secretary General in the United Nations is to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the Secretary-General in the United Nations and how did the position change due to historical circumstances. The Thesis opens with a chapter dealing with the evolution from the League of Nations to the United Nations focusing on the role of the Secretary General. The next Chapter concentrates on the competences of the Secretary-General in relation to the other UN bodies. The third Chapter analyzes reforms proposed by several of the Secretaries General. The essay also discusses the diplomatic role of the Secretary General in the international environment and his/her relationship with non-governmental parties and the private sector. The text proposes examples illustrating successes and failures of the Secretaries General in specific situations. The Thesis also focuses on expanding of competences of the Secretary General achieved by individual representatives of this function. The text demonstrates that the Secretary General plays an important role in today's globalized society despite the fact that this position is often marginalized by the other UN bodies.
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The legal nature and research of resolutions of the UN Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter
Vneková, Monika ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The United Nations Security Council is primarily responsible for maintenance of international peace and security according to the Charter of the United Nations. To achieve this goal, it is authorized to adopt resolutions binding on member states under Chapter VII of the Charter. Considering the character of situations to which the Security council responds through its Chapter VII resolutions, this legal instrument often stirs emotions among the general public. But what does the law itself say about the Chapter VII resolutions? What is their legal nature and value in the field of public international law? This thesis provides an analysis of the Chapter VII resolutions, offers a definition of a Chapter VII resolution and analyzes some specific resolutions by which the Security Council acted more as a quasi-judicial or a quasi-legislative body. Through analysis of content limits of the Security Council powers, the thesis endeavors to confirm that binding nature of the Chapter VII resolutions as well as an obligation of member states to give effect to those resolutions do have its boundaries; and despite the special role of the Security Council in the field of public international law, its Chapter VII resolutions cannot have unlimited content. First of all, the resolutions cannot be in conflict with...
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The attitude of the United States of America towards the International Law - Bush's Unilateralism
Keblušek, Andrej ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
Title: THE ATTITUDE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TOWARDS THE INTERNATIONAL LAW - Bush's Unilateralism". Author: Mgr. ANDREJ KEBLUŠEK Department: Faculty of Public International Law Superviser: doc. JUDr. JAN ONDŘEJ, CSc., DSc. ABSTRACT On October 24, 1945 at a conference in San Francisco, the organization of the United Nations (hereinafter UN) was founded by, which has set up as its main goal "to save future generations from the scourge of war". On the same day the charter of this organization has also entered into force; it is known as the Charter of the United Nations (hereinafter the UN Charter), which anchored new international rules based on the principle of Jus ad Pacem ("right for peace") and forbidding the principle of Jus ad Bellum ("right for war") in future international relations. The war was thus - under the new international rules - banned for the future and could be waged from now on only in the interest of maintaining the international peace and security in absolutely isolated cases. However, the United States of America is the only country in the international community, which is most often using armed force in international relations, and it currently wages two giant war campaigns in Afghanistan (2001 - ) and Iraq (2003 - ). The objective of this work will be therefore the assessment of...
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