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Hybridizace mezi jelenem evropským a jelenem sikou v oblasti Doupovských hor
Kahajová, Barbora
The sika deer was introduced to the Czech Republic for the first time at the end of the 19th century, after the Second World War it also escaped into the wild. The population numbers of free-living sika deer populations are still increasing and the species causes serious ecological problems. The sika deer is also a major threat to the native European red deer, with which it crossbreeds. This thesis deals with the hybridization between the European red deer and the sika deer. The main goal was to determine the proportion of hybrid individuals between these two species in the area of the Doupovské hory Mountains, where they are in contact. During the hunting season 2020/21, 101 samples of these two species were taken in the study area. I genotyped them using 22 microsatellite loci. Previously genotyped deer samples from this area from the period 2008/09–2016/17 as well as comparative samples of sika deer and red deer from the surrounding areas and samples of the subspecies Dybowski's sika deer from enclosures were added to the evaluated dataset. Using mitochondrial DNA, the samples were divided into individual species or sika deer subspecies. A total of 560 samples were then evaluated using the Bayesian clustering analysis in the program STRUCTURE, of which 270 originated in the Doupovské hory Mountains. Based on the results, 29 hybrids were identified in the dataset, 20 in enclosures, 2 in comparative samples of sika deer and 7 in the study area Doupovské hory Mts. Five of them were detected in the season 2008/09, in the season 2020/21 analyzed by me it was only one individual. The results did not show that the proportion of hybrids in the Doupovské hory Mts has increased significantly, but they confirmed that the cross-breeding of the both species sporadicly occurs there.
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Free-ranging herbivores as a dispersal vector for species in abandoned landscape
Lepková, Barbora ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Karlík, Petr (referee)
Endozoochory is an important part of plant-animal relationship. In model area of the Doupov Mountains large herbivore mammals, such as red deer, sika deer and wild boar, act as effective seed dispersers. Out of 282 dung samples 29 719 seedlings of 91 species emerged. The most common species was Urtica dioica (80 % of all seedlings). The amount of seeds in dung as well as species composition were highly dependent on dispersing animal, both showed strong seasonality and differences between two studied localities. Frequency of species in dung did not correspond to their frequency in vegetation suggesting strong preferences of herbivores as predators. However more research is needed to test this hypothesis. Given very high time demands for samples processing beforehand the emergence experiment, the influence of concentration by washing through on seedling emergence and species composition was tested. According to preliminary results more seedlings and species emerge from concentrated samples. However, concentration has no effect on emergence of U. dioica as the most common species. Concentration of samples by running water is recommended for faster emergence in greenhouse conditions. Preliminary results also suggest that the approximation of number of seedlings/species on weight of dry mass is not...
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Free-ranging herbivores as a dispersal vector for species in abandoned landscape
Lepková, Barbora ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Karlík, Petr (referee)
Endozoochory is an important part of plant-animal relationship. In model area of the Doupov Mountains large herbivore mammals, such as red deer, sika deer and wild boar, act as effective seed dispersers. Out of 282 dung samples 29 719 seedlings of 91 species emerged. The most common species was Urtica dioica (80 % of all seedlings). The amount of seeds in dung as well as species composition were highly dependent on dispersing animal, both showed strong seasonality and differences between two studied localities. Frequency of species in dung did not correspond to their frequency in vegetation suggesting strong preferences of herbivores as predators. However more research is needed to test this hypothesis. Given very high time demands for samples processing beforehand the emergence experiment, the influence of concentration by washing through on seedling emergence and species composition was tested. According to preliminary results more seedlings and species emerge from concentrated samples. However, concentration has no effect on emergence of U. dioica as the most common species. Concentration of samples by running water is recommended for faster emergence in greenhouse conditions. Preliminary results also suggest that the approximation of number of seedlings/species on weight of dry mass is not...
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Habitat preferences of red deer and sika deer in the Doupov Mts.
Löwe, Radim ; Ježek, Miloš (advisor) ; Husinec, Václav (referee)
This master thesis is focused on GPS telemetry of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the Doupov Mts., the Czech republic. Positional data from 14 red deer does and 2 sika deer does was collected during the study period of April 2013 to February 2016. The main aim was to determine habitat preferences of does with the use of the very precise vertical differentiation of vegetation created by air laser scanning of the surface (LiDAR technology). The study examines the dependence of the average maximum height of vegetation nearby positions of does on the time of year and time of day. For the evaluation was used two-way factorial analysis of variance. The highest average height of the vegetation nearby does was found during the day and the lowest during the night. Does of red deer and sika deer occurred in open habitats particularly at night, where they were actively seeking for food and more closed habitats with higher vegetation during the day, where they could hide themselves. Focusing on a period of the year, the height of vegetation in the summer period without hunting was significantly lower than in the summer period with hunting. This could be caused by starting hunting season but also it might be a response to reduced quality of available grass by aging. The two does of sika deer were treated individually. Significant differences were revealed between both does. However they both were occupying habitats with the lowest height of vegetation at night during the rut season.
The gained results can now be used to supplement information about ethology of red deer and sika deer. The comprehensive knowledge of ethology can be directly used in the management of these two species, particularly for hunting efficiency and subsequent reduction of their population numbers, particularly in the case of sika deer. However these results can be directly used in forest management in active protection of forest stands against damage by wild game.
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