|
|
Development of callosal interhemispheric connection in laboratory rat
Matternová, Lucie ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Žiak, Jakub (referee)
Corpus callosum is the main commissure linking cortex of the right and left brain hemisphere. For the first time, the callosal axons are observed during E18, when they cross the midline. In PND 5, most axons reach the contralateral cortex, and at the end of the second postnatal week, the callosal projection neurons and axon terminals are located similarly to the adult animal. The interhemispheric response was first observed in the rat in PND 4 but myelination in PND 12, suggesting that the transcallosal response is not dependent on myelinization of callosal fibers. As the rat age increases, the wave duration of the TCR, latency peak and threshold decreases. As opposed to that, amplitude of the positive and negative wave increases with age. TCR may be affected by acute drug application or chronic exposure to various effects, such as hormones.
|
|
|
Evolution of the telencephalon in amniotes
Stehlík, Patrik ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Druga, Rastislav (referee)
Structural organization of the telencephalon differs starkly among mammals, birds and non-avian reptiles. No clear homologue of the mammalian six-layered cerebral cortex has been identified in other vertebrate groups. In the last century, this topic has sparked heated disscussions in the field of comparative neurobiology. Available data point to clear homologies between telencephalic subpallial regions among all amniotes. Many hypotheses have been proposed about homologies within the pallium that offer contrasting reconstructions of the evolution of the aminote telencephalon. While earlier hypotheses suggest homologies at the level of neural circuits and embryological territories, the most recent hypothesis suggests homology at the level of individual cell types possessed by a last common ancestor of reptiles, birds and mammals. The resulting diametrically different structures have been organized by different developmental mechanisms. However, recent transcriptomic data are in direct conflict with these claims, and support the hypothesis which assumes that higher cognitive functions in both major lineages of amniotes evolved independently by expansion of different embryonic fields. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to provide comprehensive information about the proposed homologies and hypotheses...
|
|
|
Development of callosal interhemispheric connection in laboratory rat
Matternová, Lucie ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Žiak, Jakub (referee)
Corpus callosum is the main commissure linking cortex of the right and left brain hemisphere. For the first time, the callosal axons are observed during E18, when they cross the midline. In PND 5, most axons reach the contralateral cortex, and at the end of the second postnatal week, the callosal projection neurons and axon terminals are located similarly to the adult animal. The interhemispheric response was first observed in the rat in PND 4 but myelination in PND 12, suggesting that the transcallosal response is not dependent on myelinization of callosal fibers. As the rat age increases, the wave duration of the TCR, latency peak and threshold decreases. As opposed to that, amplitude of the positive and negative wave increases with age. TCR may be affected by acute drug application or chronic exposure to various effects, such as hormones.
|
|
|
Mikrofluidika v řízení živých tvorů
Tesař, Václav
Microfluidics had recently interesting uses in biomedical sciences. Its development towards smaller scales has reached the stage making possible an interfacing with the brain cortex at the cellular level: reading and inputting the neural signals. The signals and their processing are mostly of electronic character, but fluidics plays in this application one of the key supporting roles. The contribution on the one hand lists therapeutical applications, but on the other hand notes current trend of military uses of insects or small rodents who can intrude into military establishments and gather there pictorial information.
|
guest ::
