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Determination of the area ratio of tubular and surface membranes in cardiomyocytes
Hluší, Veronika ; Čmiel, Vratislav (referee) ; Chmelíková, Larisa (advisor)
This work contains a literature search regarding the function and structure of the tubular system of cardiomyocytes. Another theory includes the basic principle of fluorescence and a description of the fluorescence and confocal microscope. Next chapter describe the principle of isolation and subsequent staining of cardiomyocytes to obtain images of the tubular system is described. Next step is the implementation of a method for segmentation of the membrane and tubular system of cardiac cells and the application of this method to the obtained data.
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Optical Measurement of Electromechanical Characteristics of Heart Cells
Čmiel, Vratislav ; Križanová,, Olga (referee) ; Babula, Petr (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
Dissertation is focused on the application of optical measurement methods using techniques of optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy in measurements of electromechanical characteristics of isolated cardiac cells and clusters of differentiated cardiomyocytes. The first proposed method uses a practical combination of fluorescence microscopy equipped with fluorescent fast and high-resolution camera and atomic force microscopy for simultaneous measurement of calcium transients and contraction of cardiomyocyte clusters. The signals obtained undergoes filtration, processing and analysis. Result function parameters obtained by analyzing signals after application of caffeine are evaluated by comparison with functional parameters obtained during the control measurement. The second proposed method is applied to the cardiomyocyte clusters for the purpose of cardiomyocyte contraction signals measurement. The signals obtained by optical methods are analyzed and compared with the reference signal obtained using atomic force microscopy. Optical measurement method of cell contractins based on detection of cell ends using adjusting of microscopy images by re-sharpening and fluorescence method for cardiomyocyte contractions measurements were designed to increase realiability in simultaneous measurement of cell contractions simultaneously with calcium transients in isolated cardiomyocytes experiments.
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Electrostimulation method for cardiomyocyte life extension
Čermáková, Adéla ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
This work deals with the electrophysiology of cardiac cells, their electro-stimulation and design of stimulation device to extend their life. The first part is focused on the action potential in general, in muscle cells, followed by an analysis of the process and characteristics of the action potential in cardiomyocytes. The next section provides a procedure for isolating and process of changes that lead to cell death and of a method that the process would be eliminated. Part of this work is a program for processing and evaluation of pictures obtained during electro-stimulation process.
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Organic tranistors for sensorics
Marková, Aneta ; Omasta, Lukáš (referee) ; Vala, Martin (advisor)
The aim was to find the best available commercial formulation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and methods and subsequent treatment of thin films for organic electrochemical transistors (OECT). These films will be used in bioelectronic sensors to measure the physiological function of cardiomyocytes. Studied material was PEDOT:PSS in six different formulations. Thin layers prepared by spin coating were modified in three ways, namely (i) immersion in ethylene glycol, (ii) drying and (iii) a combination of drying and ethylene glycol. The layers were then tested for the influence of ethylene glycol, thermal stability, the impact of storage, influence of aqueous medium, and additional thermal annealing. According to the results obtained, the most suitable treatment of most materials was immersion in ethylene glycol followed by thermal annealing of the layer. It was found that the most appropriate material formulation was Sigma Aldrich 739 316 treated by the combination of drying, immersion in ethylene glycol and thermal annealing.
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The effect of acute cold and permanent light to left ventricular of the rat heart
Vítková, Ivana ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee)
Acute cold exposure increases the risk of sudden cardiac events, similarly exposure to constant light negatively affects the cardiovascular system. However, the individual effects of these factors and the effect of their combination on cardiomyocytes are not yet known. The thesis deals with the influence of a 3 day cold exposure and constant light on the expression of β-adrenergic receptors and associated G-proteins in association with apoptotic signals in the left ventricle of the Wistar rat heart. In this work apoptotic proteins BAX, BCL2, caspase 8 and important components of β-adrenergic signalization - β1, β2, G-proteins, Gas, Gi1/2 and Gi3 were determined. The relative expression of the proteins was analyzed by Western blotting. The results confirm the detrimental effect of cold and light exposure. However, the synergistic effect of these two stressors shows surprising results.
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Determination of the area ratio of tubular and surface membranes in cardiomyocytes
Hluší, Veronika ; Čmiel, Vratislav (referee) ; Chmelíková, Larisa (advisor)
This work contains a literature search regarding the function and structure of the tubular system of cardiomyocytes. Another theory includes the basic principle of fluorescence and a description of the fluorescence and confocal microscope. Next chapter describe the principle of isolation and subsequent staining of cardiomyocytes to obtain images of the tubular system is described. Next step is the implementation of a method for segmentation of the membrane and tubular system of cardiac cells and the application of this method to the obtained data.
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The effect of acute cold and permanent light to left ventricular of the rat heart
Vítková, Ivana ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee)
Acute cold exposure increases the risk of sudden cardiac events, similarly exposure to constant light negatively affects the cardiovascular system. However, the individual effects of these factors and the effect of their combination on cardiomyocytes are not yet known. The thesis deals with the influence of a 3 day cold exposure and constant light on the expression of β-adrenergic receptors and associated G-proteins in association with apoptotic signals in the left ventricle of the Wistar rat heart. In this work apoptotic proteins BAX, BCL2, caspase 8 and important components of β-adrenergic signalization - β1, β2, G-proteins, Gas, Gi1/2 and Gi3 were determined. The relative expression of the proteins was analyzed by Western blotting. The results confirm the detrimental effect of cold and light exposure. However, the synergistic effect of these two stressors shows surprising results.
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Mechanisms of growth of the cardiac conduction system
Skuhrová, Kristýna ; Sedmera, David (advisor) ; Elsnicová, Barbara (referee)
The ability to produce regular rhythm and independence of nervous system and are some of the features of the cardiac conduction system. The conduction system comprises the sinoatrial node, internodal tracts, the atrioventricular node, the atrioventricular (His) bundle, its right and left branches, and the terminal network of Purkinje fibers. However, this system is frequently the cause of the cardiac rhythm disorders, i.e., arrhythmias. There are many unanswered questions about the conduction system, even though its development is closely connected to the growth of the whole heart. The heart undergoes many dramatic changes during its development, such as modification of linear heart tube into the mature four-chamber organ. Looping and forming chambers cause change of localization first "pacemaker" from the caudal end of the heart tube to the area of the right atrium. Prenatal growth of the heart is based upon cell proliferation or hyperplasia. The cell divisions are rapidly stopped soon after birth and the cells start to grow by increase in volume, i.e., hypertrophy. The cells of some species can expand hyperplasia or hypertrophy in early postnatal period. The mouse is one of the organisms with the cell expansion provided by combination of proliferation and hypertrophy. Most of the adult...
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