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New data on the origin of the Fe-Cu-As skarn deposit at Obří důl, West Sudetes, Bohemian Massif
Pašava, J. ; Veselovský, F. ; Dobeš, P. ; Erban, V. ; Pour, O. ; Žák, Karel ; Ackerman, Lukáš ; Haluzová, Eva ; Creaser, R. ; Tásler, R.
The Obří důl Fe-Cu-As sulfide deposit is hosted in metamorphosed lenses of marble, calc-silicate rocks and skarns. The deposit is located up to a few hundred meters away from the contact of the large, late-orogenic Variscan Krkonoše-Jizera Plutonic Complex (KJPC). Mineralogical and fluid inclusion studies of the Gustavská ore lens show that the main sulfide stage, dominated by pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite, originated from water-rich hydrothermal fluids with salinities up to 8 wt.% NaCl eq. at temperatures ranging from 324 to 358°C.These fluids replaced mainly the carbonate-rich lithologies. The 34S values indicate a magmatic source of sulfur and Re/Os dating of molybdenite are consistent with simultaneous formation of the main sulfide stage ore and the KJPC.
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Determination of the age of secondary uranium minerals using 230Th/234U in selected localities of the Bohemian massif
Roll, Michal ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Mizera, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is focused on prominent uranium deposits in Czech Republic and their secondary uranium mineralization. Main goal of this thesis is to analyze collected minerals and to determine their ages. Next step is to prove or disprove hypothesis that this secondary uranium minerals are products of Quaternary glacier weathering. As a suitable analytical method, an alpha spectrometry was used and the age was calculated by 230 Th/234 U ratio. Firstly, chosen methodology was verified with admixture of reference material PU1 (Přibram uraninite) in secular equilibrium and internal standard, both with known activity. Analyzed spectra confirmed that some of the samples lay on the very edge of datability, especially in case of PL1 and GF1, both samples are very young, so they easily could be products of anthropogenic activity (changed environment due to mining works). On the other hand, in case of sample GF3, the age was successfully determined, although it is also quite young phase. In case of samples ME3, ME4 and ME6 was used threshold dating method, because they were considered to be too old for age calculation. The rest of the samples chosen for age determination was analyzed without further complications. Based on the age and geological setting, samples GF3 (3 725 ± 845 years), JE1 (10 655 ± 1 795...
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The Origin of Compositional and Textural Zoning of Shallow-Level Granitoid Plutons
Trubač, Jakub ; Janoušek, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Broska, Igor (referee) ; Siebel, Wolfgang (referee)
The principal goal of this Ph.D. Thesis is to contribute to the research on formation of compo- sitional and textural zoning in shallow-level plutons. Processes responsible for emplacement of individual plutons/pulses and the origin of compositional zoning in are addressed in a great detail, from the pluton-scale down to the micro-scale. The main emphasis in the more focused part of this text is on a combination of various quanti- tative data sets from two well-selected plutons (the Říčany Pluton in the Central Bohemian Plu- tonic Complex and the Melechov Pluton in the Moldanubian Batholith). These detailed studies are supported by further research on the Štěnovice, Čistá and Ševětín plutons. In this way we cover the evolution of Variscan magmatism in the heart of Bohemian Massif in its entirety, from Late Devonian till Permian. The thesis is based on combining field and structural studies (including the anisotropy of mag- netic susceptibility, AMS), textural analysis, petrological, geochronological and geochemical methods with geophysical investigations. Mathematical approaches have been designed and applied to the interpretation of geochemical data, with potential applications to other igneous systems. I strongly believe that only such comprehensive studies on well-selected case examples have a...
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Variability of chemical composition of apatites from alkaline rocks of the Bohemian Massif
Mészárosová, Noemi ; Skála, Roman (advisor) ; Filippi, Michal (referee)
III Summary This thesis is focused on crystal chemistry and crystal structure of apatites from alkaline rock of the Bohemian Massif. Fifteen samples of volcanic rocks, mostly of the Cenozoic age was selected for the study. Sample No. 5 is of the Silurian age. Sample No. 15 originates from volcanic rock of the Cenozoic age from the Slovak Western Carpathians. This sample was chosen for this study due to its substantially different chemical composition. The contents of major and minor elements in apatites were measured on an electron microprobe, the contents of some minor and trace elements were determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Selected samples were investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrometry. Crystal structure of studied apatites was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that dominant anion at position X is fluorine. The OH content calculated on the basis of the fully occupied position X is significant in some samples. The amount of Cl is generally low. The exception is the sample No. 15 where Cl reached up to 0.6 apfu (Z = 2). Studied apatites contain many substitutions but they are generally of minor extent. Strontium, iron and REE at position M belong to the most common and most important substituents for calcium in...
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Structural evolution of the Královský Hvozd Unit
Vrtiška, Luboš ; Verner, Kryštof (advisor) ; Žák, Jiří (referee)
5 English abstract The introduction of the thesis represents a profound research of current knowledge and survey results to date about the geodynamic tectonic boundary development of the Teplá- Barrandien unit/Moldanubian senzu stricto and the Královský Hvozd unit in the Šumava Mountains. It also describes in detail lithology of the Královský Hvozd unit and historical as well as contemporary opinions of the tectonometamorphic development of the Královský Hvozd unit and adjacent Moldanubian unit and Teplá-Barrandien unit. The research part of the thesis brings results of the analysis of the Královský Hvozd unit tectonic development in relation with the tectonic development of broader surrounding area. The research combines field structural data, detailed microstructure data acquired from collected samples and results of studying deformation mechanisms on orthogneiss samples from the Královský Hvozd unit using the EBSD (Electron Back Scattered Diffraction) performed on partly recrystalised quartz aggregates. The research output is a construction of a tectonic development model of the Královský Hvozd unit and the adjacent area. Four main deformation events (D1-D4) were determined on the basis of structural record and their time sequence in the rocks of the Královský Hvozd unit. On the basis of kinematic...
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Genesis of Au-Sb ores at the Krásná Hora deposit
Němec, Matěj ; Zachariáš, Jiří (advisor) ; Dobeš, Petr (referee)
Ore deposits of the Krásná Hora ore district are the main representative of the Sb-Au mineralization in the Czech Republic. It can be classified genetically as epizonal subtype of orogenic gold deposits. Spatially and partly temporally are associated with the intrusion of the Central Bohemian Pluton. The ore bodies are related to quartz veins that follow the course of E-W striking lamprophyre dykes, which are usually heavily crushed and altered. Ore shoots with massive stibnite are located mainly at the intersections of these E-W trending veins with the NW-SE striking tectonic fault zones. Au-Sb ores at Krásná Hora ore district formed in an area of repeatedly activated fault zones. Three generations of hydrothermal quartz were identified on microscopic scale. Earliest quartz (Qtz1), which was considered in the literature auriferous originated from low-salinity H2O - CO2 fluids at ~350 řC and at a depth of about 5 km. The younger quartz (Qtz2) originated at lower temperatures of about 260 řC and lower depth of about 3-4 km from low/saline aqueous fluids. Both older (Qtz1) and younger quartz (Qtz2) are not auriferous. The gold is associated with younger paragenetic formation (Anti + Au + Cc + Qtz3) that fills in intergranular spaces and fractures in Qtz1 and Qtz2 . Due to the partial exhumation of the...
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Evolution of the Bohemian Massif: Insights from numerical modeling
Maierová, Petra ; Čadek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Babuška, Vladislav (referee) ; Bina, Craig R. (referee)
The Bohemian Massif was consolidated during the Variscan orogeny (~400-300 Ma), which involved several oceanic subductions and collisions of continental micro-plates. The central part of the Bohemian Massif, the Moldanubian domain, shows a large accumulation of felsic high-pressure metamorphs. We present a numerical model of exhumation of these rocks due to continental collision and underthrusting. The key feature of the model is a felsic (light, rheologically weak and rich in radioactive elements) material in the lower crust of one of the colliding blocks. We examine the influence of the rate of convergence of the two blocks, radiogenic heating in the felsic lower crust and efficiency of erosion, on the model evolution and pressure-temperature conditions in the lower-crustal material. The models where the material is sufficiently weakened due to radiogenic heating show formation of an orogenic plateau, sedimentation in a foreland basin, and crustal thickening accompanied by gravity-driven exhumation of the lower crust and subsequent sub-horizontal flow in the middle crust. In colder and/or faster models, the thickening is dominated by folding. We correlate the tectonic style of these two types of models with differences between the high-grade rocks in the southern (Moldanubian) and northern (Sudetic) parts...
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Teleseismic Tomography of the Upper Mantle beneath the Bohemian Massif
Karousová, Hana ; Plomerová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee) ; Zahradník, Jiří (referee)
Passive seismic experiments, MOSAIC, BOHEMA I-III, EgerRift, or, PASSEQ, carried out in the region of the Bohemian Massif (BM), allowed a detailed study of velocity structure of the upper mantle. We present results of tomography studies of the upper mantle beneath the north-eastern and southern parts of the BM based on the data from the BOHEMA II and BOHEMA III experiments (2004-2006). Despite the fact that regions with the highest resolution of velocity perturbations differ in the models, tomography images are similar in overlapping parts. Models of the upper mantle show mostly low- velocity perturbations relatively to radially symmetric velocity model of the Earth beneath the BM. Limited high-velocity heterogeneity beneath the Moldanubian unit, extended in the NE-SW direction, reflects thickening of the lithosphere due to a collision of the BM with the Brunovistulian micro-plate during the Variscan orogeny. The tomography based on the data from the BOHEMA III experiment revealed significant high-velocity heterogeneity in the southern margin of the model with a subduction of the lithosphere beneath the Eastern Alps. Tomographic tests showed that effects of uncorrected velocity heterogeneities within the crust can appear as deep as 100 km and, therefore, they could lead to erroneous interpretation of...
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Paleoenvironmental record of carboniferous lacustrine deposits of central and western Bohemian basins: analysis and korealiton of mineral and biogenic proxies
Lojka, Richard ; Hradil, David (advisor) ; Hladil, Jindřich (referee) ; Janočko, Juraj (referee)
Ph.D. thesis represents summary of multidiciplinary palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic research of the most significant Late Pennsylvanian lacustrine horizon of the central and western Bohemian basins - the Malesice Member of the Slaný Formation. Two cores from new shallow drills, situated 80 km apart, were analysed. Multidisciplinary approach is based on description of lamination structure and periodicity; mineral and isotopic composition of autigennic carbonates, namely siderite; compositiona of detrital minerals including clay mineral assemblages; and composition of autochthonous and allochthonous organic particles including palynospectra. Detailed analysis of drill cores lead to the identification of individual phases of lake development linked with lake-level fluctuation and water-column stratification, which were driven by a sume of precipitation and its seasonal distribution. Changes in precipitation also affected compostion and density of vegetational cover in the lake surroundings, weathering intesity of source rocks and degradation of organic matter in the drainage basin, and so precipitation affected final grain-size and composition of detrital material deposited in the lake. Beside common environmental signatures at both studied sites, there are also significant...
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Fabrics and geodynamic evolution of orthogneisses in the Moldanubian Zone
Kryl, Jakub ; Verner, Kryštof (advisor) ; Venera, Zdeněk (referee)
Fabrics and geodynamic evolution of Moldanubian orthogneisses English abstract The aim of this paper is a structural analysis of selected mostly Cambro-Ordovician orthogneisses cropping out in a part of high-grade rocks of western Moldanubian Zone. These rocks have been affected by HT-MP/LP metamorphism and the polyphase deformation during the Variscan orogeny. In the blaník orthogneisses, (Qtz + Kfs + Plg + Bt ± Ms ± Sill ± Ky) an early deformation banding dips steeply to SSE to ESE. These fabrics were overprinted by NW to N gently dipping foliation with well developed stretching lineations plunging to W. Rare kinematic indicators (e. g. fold and pressure shadows asymmetry) reveal a strong subvertical contraction and stretching in the ~N-S direction. Based on the microstructural analysis this contractional event was connected with the activity of "Grain Boundary Migration Recrystallization" (GBM). Ductile shear zones dipping to E, locally ESE or ENE were identified. Bechyně orthogneisses (Qtz + Kfs + Plg + Bt ± Ms) is a N-S elongated body with the presence of regional pervasive metamorphic foliation dipping homogenously under low angles from SSW to WNW . These foliations bear well developed mineral or stretching lineation of quartz, biotite and feldspar aggregates plunging to ~SW. In the blaník orthogneiss...
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