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Ecotoxicological Assessment of Point Pollution in the Ecosystem
Doležalová, Šárka ; Beklová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Koutný, Marek (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The main subject of this dissertation is the ecotoxicological evaluation of significant point sources of pollution. These include wildfires and wide fires of factories and also industrial and urban wastewater treatment plants. The local application of pyrolytic product obtained from sewage sludge as the point source of pollution was also included in the thesis. Tests in aquatic and contact arrangement with using both water and soil organisms for ecotoxicity evaluation of selected matrices were chosen. Crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna Straus and sea bacteria Vibrio fischeri were selected as representative organisms of water animals. Duckweed Lemna minor was chosen as water plant. Further collembola Folsomia candida and earthworm Eisenia fetida were chosen as representatives of soil animals. Finally onion Allium cepa L. and mustard Sinapis alba are representatives of terrestrial plants. Submitted thesis deals about analytes of interest, their properties and ways of distribution to the environments. The output of the thesis is a comprehensive assessment of the effects of selected point sources of pollution on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems organisms and ecotoxicological risks assessment. The fire extinguishing agents have been proven to be the most stressful substances for all selecteded organisms.
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Ecotoxicological Assessment of Point Pollution in the Ecosystem
Doležalová, Šárka ; Beklová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Koutný, Marek (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The main subject of this dissertation is the ecotoxicological evaluation of significant point sources of pollution. These include wildfires and wide fires of factories and also industrial and urban wastewater treatment plants. The local application of pyrolytic product obtained from sewage sludge as the point source of pollution was also included in the thesis. Tests in aquatic and contact arrangement with using both water and soil organisms for ecotoxicity evaluation of selected matrices were chosen. Crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna Straus and sea bacteria Vibrio fischeri were selected as representative organisms of water animals. Duckweed Lemna minor was chosen as water plant. Further collembola Folsomia candida and earthworm Eisenia fetida were chosen as representatives of soil animals. Finally onion Allium cepa L. and mustard Sinapis alba are representatives of terrestrial plants. Submitted thesis deals about analytes of interest, their properties and ways of distribution to the environments. The output of the thesis is a comprehensive assessment of the effects of selected point sources of pollution on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems organisms and ecotoxicological risks assessment. The fire extinguishing agents have been proven to be the most stressful substances for all selecteded organisms.
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Identification of point sources of surface water pollution and their quantification in selected catchments in the Šumava Mountains.
TOMKOVÁ, Zdeňka
An evaluation of chemical parameters of surface waters proceed in the three small basin areas in Šumava Mountains, in the area of Svatý Tomáš highlands, during the year 2009: Bukový (woods), Mlýnský (semi{--}intensive and drained pasture, part of Pasečná village) and Horský stream (wetlands, woods, mowed meadows, a part of Svatý Tomáš village). The aim was to chart the three main periods during the year. The spring sampling (the 12th May) should illustrate the beginning of growing season with higher water flow rates. The summer sampling (the 21st July) is the period on the top of growing and touristic season, seasonal works in wood and especially in agriculture (grazing and mowing meadows). The last sampling (the 21st October) represents the season at the end of growing season, generally with the lowest flow rates in the stream, the end of touristic season and the end of full{--}area grazing. Already during the field research, involving the water sampling and conductivity measurement, there were some inflows with increased concentrations of dissolved solids found. Whereas in Bukový stream, as has been assumed, these inflows didn´t more or less occur, in Horský stream they had, relatively surprisingly but significantly, appeared immediately in headwater area. The elevated concentrations of dissolved solids occurred in Mlýnský stream in the whole area of basin, as has been assumed regarding to drainage and full{--}area grazing. One year monitoring proved the advantage of water quality evaluation using simple measurement of conductivity in field. High water conductivity in field was subsequently confirmed by laboratory analysis of selected ions. On the basis of identification of point sources of pollution, the recommendation improving present condition was suggested.
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