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Species-area relationship in birds: variation across temperate zone environments
Gaigr, Matěj ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Hanzelka, Jan (referee)
The relationship between area and number of species is one of the oldest and most studied principles in ecology, often referred to as one of the laws of ecology. Ecologists use it primarily to model the expected number of species in a given area. The Species-Area Relationship (SAR) states that the larger the area being, the greater the number of species present. However, area is not the only factor influencing species diversity - habitat heterogeneity is also a frequently studied factor affecting species richness. The number of species in an area tends to be positively influenced by heterogeneity since factors that are positively correlated with heterogeneity have a large influence. These factors include the species diversity of vegetation, the level of energy productivity, the number of microhabitats, the effect of disturbance or the amount of different food sources. Individual temperate habitats differ in the relative contribution of heterogeneity in its impact on observed species abundance. Species abundance is not only influenced by habitat heterogeneity, but also by other factors such as altitude, climate or latitude. The most affected habitats regarding the relative contribution of heterogenity are forest environments. Vertical diversity is the main influence causing high heterogeneity in...
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Ovocný strom jako biotop (součást ekologické niky)
Krejčí, Martina
The bachelor thesis describes the fruit trees and the organisms that inhabit this environment. It deals primarily with biotic components of the environment, such as predators or availability of food. Describes the importance of biological protection and identifies representatives who are involved in the protection. It evaluates the role played by the age of fruit trees in ecological niche. It also focuses on habitat and saddle-tree assessment.
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Bird conservation status along a successional gradient in abandoned military areas
Bystřický, Václav ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Populations of open habitat bird species has significantly decreased in the Czech Republic during the last decades due to a number of negative factors, such as urbanization and intensification of agriculture. Due to the deterioration of the quality of these biotopes, a number of bird species (not only those of conservation importance) were forced to look for remaining fragments of favorable habitats, which are, for example, abandoned military training areas. The attractiveness of these territories lies primarily in their former closure for military purposes, which has protected these areas against these negative factors. In addition, army's activities created a heterogeneous landscape characterized by a mosaic of biotopes in different stages of vegetation succession - from bare ground, through grasslands, sparse scrubland, dense scrubland to the forest. However, the significance of abandoned military training areas for birds requires deeper investigation. The main goal of this thesis was to describe conservation importance of bird communities in individual biotopes along the successional gradient, for which a survey of 42 abandoned military training areas was used. The results of my work show that the most declining, endangered and protected species of birds sought out early successional habitats...
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Synthesis of digital landscape surface data
Šebesta, Michal ; Kahoun, Martin (advisor) ; Křivánek, Jaroslav (referee)
A procedural generation of landscapes often meets a need for real spatial data at finer resolution that data available at the moment. We introduce a method that refines the spatial data at the coarse resolution into the finer resolution utilizing other data sources which are already at the better resolution. We construct weighted local linear statistical models from both the coarse and utility data and use the by- models-learned dependencies between the data sources to predict the needed data at better resolution. To achieve higher computational speed and evade utility data imperfection, we utilize truncated singular value decomposition which reduce a dimensionality of the data space we work with. The~method is highly modifiable and its application shows plausible real-like results. Thanks to this, the method can be of practical use for simulation software development. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Reintroduction of butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Štochlová, Tereza ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straka, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with one of the active means of conservation - reintroduction. By this ap- proach, organisms are released in their historical range from which they have disappeared. Re- introductions typically concern vertebrates, that is, however, why this thesis focuses on a group of invertebrates - butterflies (Rhopalocera). The main aim of this work is to carry out a research of previous experiments, evaluate used methods and discover the best way to proceed with reintroduction of butterflies. This process contains many important steps. Firstly, a suitable species must be chosen, that means one that is declining and has limited dispersal abilities. Secondly, an appropriate habitat for releasing organisms must be found - host plants ought to be sufficiently abundant and the area big enough. If the habitat quality is not satisfactory, it can be achieved through management, most commonly by planting host plants, mowing or grazing. Next step is choosing the right donor population. It should be stable, genetically variable, and genetically and ecologically related to the original extinct population. After transfer and release of sufficient number of organisms, it is crucial to carry out a long-term monitoring of the newly formed population and to modify its management when necessary. All methods...
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