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Vyhodnocení bilance živin (N, P, K, Ca a Mg) v ekologickém podniku hospodařícím na trvalých travních porostech
Ščambura, Maxmilián
The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of nutrient balance in an organic farm on permanent grasslands with dairy and beef cattle and sheep. Relationships between soil, plants, and farmed animals were observed, followed by an evaluation of whether the ecosystem (soil) was depleted or enriched with the observed nutrients. In the overall balance in the monitored year 2019, it turned out that only magnesium enters to the company in a larger amount, the entering of phosphorus is equal to zero. Residual nitrogen, potassium, and calcium are in loss figures. Imports of nutrients into the system consisted of purchases of nuclear feed, straw and mineral licks. Sales of milk and animals for slaughter contributed the most to the export of nutrients. In the monitored period, the loss of nitrogen without taking into account the fixation of air N and atmospheric fallout -25 kg per hectare was monitored. That is the lowest amount of nutrients supplied to the company. The largest surplus was found for magnesium, +3 kg per hectare. Neither in the loss nor in the excess was the value observed for phosphorus, which is equal to zero. The total loss of calcium is -9 kg per hectare and of potassium -3 kg per hectare.
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Hodnocení systému hospodaření konvenčního zemědělského podniku na Žďársku
Hudec, Filip
The thesis deals with the evaluation of suggestions and the possible optimization of conventional farm in south Moravia. The company farms on 1589 ha of agricultural land, of which approximately 320 ha is permanent grassland. The company operates a crop and animal production, accompanied by biogas production of agro pellets and producing your own compost. Based on data from the years 2013 to 2015, was made an assessment of this period through appropriate agronomic, economic and social sustain-able development indicators. Possible strategies for the optimization are based on the results, which were presented and discussed. The received data present company as a system of well-chosen cropping structure, good profitability and a balance of organic matter, but the uneven balance of available nutrients and lack of care about soil pH. At the end of the thesis is made verbal evaluation, which is designed as possible strategies to optimize production, with regard to sustainability.
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Fyzikálně chemické vlastnosti vody stabilizačních nádrží z hlediska welfare ryb
OKROUHLÝ, Vít
This bachelor thesis deals with influence of physicochemical indicators of water on the assigned fish stock, including the balance (TN, TP, N-NH4 +, BSK5, CHSKCr and NL105) and the retention of TP and TN in biomass of fish. The work also evaluates the growth ratio and mortality of the deployed fish and it also monitors the balance between primary and secondary production. In the introductory part of the thesis are theoretically described parameters, which were measured in SN2. The main part of the presented work describes the experiment and its conditions, methodology of measurement of individual parameters and summary of data in the form of tables and graphs to achieve a clear presentation of physico-chemical properties of water, balance of nutrients in the reservoir, fish production and abundance of zooplankton organisms. The data in this section was also summarized briefly under tables and charts. In spite of the frequent unfavorable values of the measured parameters, the fish stock aquired an excellent gain of 932.72 kg and 907 kg.ha-1 but the mortality of the carp was slightly higher due to the possible predation of water predators or different demands on the environment by different age groups of carp (Cyprinus carpio). The survival of other deployed fish was within normative losses, except for the fetus of Sander lucioperca, which was not able to survive under these conditions. The cause of fish survival in often extreme conditions can be due to the fact that it migrates to places where the conditions are more favorable or because the fish is in a good condition due to natural food supply. The nutrient balance in SN2 was positive for TP, TN and N-NH4 +. The measured values at the inlet were therefore higher than the SN2 effluent values. The content of organic matter (BSK5, CHSKCr, NL105) was higher at the SN2 outlet than its inlet. The weight on organic solvents and suspended solids has increased on drainage due to the development of production processes.
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Balance of Phosphorus and Potassium with Different Fertilizing Systems
Vašák, Filip ; Balík, Jiří (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
The balance of potassium and phosphorus were observed at long-term 17-year field experiments with different fertilizing systems. The field experiments were located at five sites in the Czech Republic (Červený Újezd, Hněvčeves, Humpolec, Lukavec and Suchdol) with different soil and climatic conditions. The balances were observed at: treatments with organic fertilization (sewage sludge, FYM), treatments with mineral fertilization (NPK, N, N + straw) and unfertilized control treatment, as well. Two experiments were realized: one with crop rotation (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley) at all mentioned sites and the second was monoculture maize experiment at Červený Újezd and Suchdol sites.
The positive balance of phosphorus was at the treatments with sewage sludge (SS) as well as with farmyard manure (FYM) application and at the NPK treatment. The average phosphorus balance ranged between +1.8 and +14.0 kg/ha/year at the treatments NPK, between +7.2 and +21.6 kg/ha/year at treatments with FYM application and between +66.7 and +75.6 kg/ha/year at SS treatments, respectively. The balance of phosphorus with a higher dose of sewage sludge reached +249.6 kg/ha/year. The average negative balance of phosphorus (from -27.5 to -13.4 kg/ha/year) was calculated at the treatments N and N + straw. The balance of control unfertilized treatments ranged between -21.9 and -11.0 kg/ha/year.
The average positive balance of potassium in the experiment with crop rotation was estimated at all of FYM treatments. The balance reached the values from +2.3 to +30.1 kg/ha/year. On the contrary, the balance at FYM treatment in experiment with maize monoculture was negative (-15.2 kg K/ha/year). The balance of potassium in experiment with crop rotation ranged between -9.5 and 33.2 kg/ha/year at the NPK treatments. Similar values were obtained in the experiment with monoculture, where the balance at the NPK treatment reached +32.1 kg K/ha/year. The negative balance of potassium (between -69.2 and -8.9 kg/ha/year) was obtained at treatments with sewage sludge application. The most negative balances were calculated at N and N+straw treatments (-104 to -55.0 kg/ha/year) and as expected at Control (-73.2 to -43.6 kg K/ha/year).
The bioavailable soil phosphorus and potassium contents changes were in most cases in close relation with balances calculated. Soil variability in observed soil factors was found in the plots and confirms the assumption that the system of fertilization affects crop yields.
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The nutrients balance on the farm when fertilizing by organic fertilizers
Pejsar, Petr ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the evaluation and balance calculation of the basic nutrients in soil. The content of this thesis is focused on the evaluation of nutrients input, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in organic fertilizers, while taking into account the direct influence of the nutrients after their application as well as long-term effects during delayed and recurring application of the organic fertilizers. During the observed period from 2008 to 2014 the following individual fields were assessed Březinka (68,51 ha), Jiříkovo (16,93 ha), Kocourovské (58,16 ha) and U Akátu (35,84 ha). The balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in these certain areas was assessed within the scope of balance on individual fields for one crop rotation period. The balance calculation inputs include the amount of nutrients that was provided in form of organic and mineral fertilizers, which in case of nitrogen was furthermore extended by the amount acquired by its symbiotic fixation, overall deposition and sowing inputs (i.e. soil surface balance of nitrogen). The outputs of the balance calculation consist of amounts of major nutrients that were drawn away by crop yield including the calculated losses in case of surface balance of nitrogen. In the thesis an elementary balance of organic compounds was performed together with evaluation of change of the supply state of P, K and Mg based on the available data from agrochemical soil properties conducted in the period of 2009 to 2015 and balance results for individual nutrients. The results of surface balance of nitrogen in individual fields exhibited notably positive values, which according to the final balance might be the cause of heightened or excessive nitrogen loss. It is however difficult to determine the direct and residual effect of nitrogen applied trough the organic fertilizers and its utilization by plants. Without the mineral fertilizer inputs, the resulting values of other nutrients in specific years were dependant on the amount of input trough organic fertilizers. Within the scope of simple balance of organic compounds for individual fields, the overall sum of organic compound requirements were achieved over the observed years.
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Vliv přikrmování upravenými krmnými komponenty v kapřích rybnících na kvalitu vody v recipientech
HLAVÁČ, David
Minimisation of environmental impact is a key factor in insuring the long-term sustainability of the aquacultural industry. Numerous studies have examined nutritional strategies as a means of reducing waste production and minimising the environmental impact of aquacultural waste. To achieve this goal, it is the challenge to the aquacultural industry to develop "environmentally friendly" feeds, feed management and feed production methods to reduce pollution. This applies mainly to pond farming of common carp, which plays an important role in global aquaculture. The objective of this Ph.D. thesis was to evaluate the possibilities of using modified cereals in pond aquaculture. It focused on issues that contribute to a better understanding of the interconnection between fish production, feed quality and applied feeding technologies with respect to water quality, nutrient budget, quality and quantity of natural food.
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Conversion of family farm on organic farming system
ŠVOJGR, Josef
The thesis is focused on the evaluation of current situation of farming and making a plan for a transition of Angus farm to an organic way of farming in plant and stock farming. During the period of conversion that takes 2 years for arable land, meadows and grazing the farmimg has to be in compliance with the law No. 344/2011 about organic farming. The theoretical part contains basic information about organic farming history in the Czech Republic, basic concept specification such as organic farming, ecofarm, organic product, organic food. The other information deal with the main goals of organic farming, legislation, check, certification and last but not least the subsidy of organic farming. The second part of the thesis analyses the current situation of the farm where the plant farming structure, stock farming structure, used machinery and agrotechnological operation, staffing, balance of nutrients, balance of forage, chemical means using, and SWOT analysis of the current situation are described. In the final part of the thesis there is offerred the structure of plant and stock farming for the conversion where balance of nutrients, balance of forage, staffing, operation modernization, introducing the agritourism, economic evaluation and SWOT analysis of the current situation after the conversion are described.
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Zvýšení podílu přírodě blízké porostní složky ekosystému lesa velkoplošných chráněných území: Strategie managementů území se zvláštním statutem ochrany (metodika řešení)
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta, Brno ; Víteček, Petr ; Vacek, Stanislav ; Skoupý, Alois ; Podrázský, Vilém ; Mrkva, Radomír ; Minx, Tomáš ; Matějík, Miroslav ; Kalousek, František ; Jankovský, Libor ; Čermák, Petr ; Buček, Antonín ; Adolt, Radim ; Simon, Jaroslav
Sborník obsahuje rozbor problematiky a vlastní metodiku. Rozbor problematiky: 1. Potenciál živinových zásob a jejich vývoje ve vztahu ke změnám biodiverzity a při uplatnění speciální fytotechniky. 2. Tlející dřevo a přirozená obnova lesních ekosystémů ve zvláště chráněných územích. 3. Vliv zvěře na rozvoj přirozené obnovy lesních ekosystémů. 4. Pěstební management v lesích se zvláštním statutem ochrany (obecná východiska). Vlastní metodika: 1. Základní strategie řešení. 2. Výběr ploch a jejich stabilizace v terénu. 3. Speciální parametry ploch, měřené veličiny. 4. Stanovení potenciálu živinových zásob a jejich změn v závislosti na změnách biodiverzity a na formě managementu. 5. Posouzení významu tlejícího dřeva pro přirozenou obnovu lesa 6. Stanovení managementu zvěře ve vztahu k přirozené obnově. 7. Rámcové zásady pro odvození pěstebního managementu – sledovaná hlediska. 8. Hodnocení úrovně přiblížení cílovému stavu. 9. Multikriteriální posouzení volby technologií. 10. Hodnocení ekonomických parametrů jednotlivých strategií managementu.
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Zvýšení podílu přírodě blízké porostní složky ekosystému lesa velkoplošných chráněných území: Zvýšení podílu přírodě blízké porostní složky lesů se zvláštním statutem ochrany = Increase of Close-to-Nature Stand Component of Forests with Special Protection Status
Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Fakulta lesnická a environmentální, Katedra pěstování lesů, Praha ; Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta, Brno ; Neuhöferová, Pavla
Sborník obsahuje příspěvky ze semináře s názvem "Zvýšení podílu přírodě blízké porostní složky lesů se zvláštním statutem ochrany". Půdy lesních i nelesních ekosystémů Krkonoš. Půdy a půdní procesy dle dominantních dřevin v Krkonoších. Minimální podíl stanovištně vhodných dřevin přirozené druhové skladby při obhospodařování lesů. Hodnocení stavu a péče v maloplošných zvláště chráněných územích. Lesy v ekologické síti. Tlející dřevo a zvláště chráněná území. Vliv zvěře na přirozené zmlazení dřevin – dopady na růst a druhovou skladbu, možnosti prevence. Vliv zastoupení chemických prvků a látek v kůře lesních dřevin na poškození stromů zvěří. Dálkový průzkum země jako podklad pro tvorbu alternativního managementu lesních ekosystémů Krkonoš. Biotechnické metody přiblížení kulturních forem lesa přírodě blízkému stavu ve ZCHÚ. Prostorová struktura horského smrkového lesa v I. zóně Trojmezná v NP Šumava – předběžné výsledky. Struktura a vývoj lesních ekosystémů na trvalých výzkumných plochách v NP Šumava. Struktura, vývoj a možnosti managementu k přiblížení kulturních forem lesa cílovému stavu na plochách v NP Šumava. Porovnání strategií managementu na plochách s původní a nepůvodní skladbou porostů v NP Šumava. Simulace vývoje lesních porostů na modelových plochách v Krkonoších. Simulace vývoje autochtonního smrko-bukového porostu v Bažinkách s virtuální podsadbou jedle bělokoré (Abies alba). Simulace vývoje autochtonního bukového porostu na Rýchorách s virtuální podsadbou jedle bělokoré. Struktura, vývoj a management lesních ekosystémů na trvalých výzkumných plochách v NPR Trčkov. Struktura, vývoj a management lesních ekosystémů na trvalých výzkumných plochách v NPR Šerák – Keprník. Struktura, vývoj a management lesních ekosystémů na trvalých výzkumných plochách v PR Jelení bučina. Struktura, vývoj a management lesních ekosystémů na trvalých výzkumných plochách v NPR Žákova hora.
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