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Therapies Used in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
CAPOUCHOVÁ, Andrea
The bachelor thesis deals with therapies used in children with autism spectrum disorder. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to find out what effect therapies have from the parents' point of view on the development of a child who has an autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, this work focuses on what therapies children with autism spectrum disorder use and how often these children use therapies. Within the research, a qualitative research strategy was chosen. The qualitative research strategy used half-structured interviews with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder aged between 2 and 18 years. The selection of the research group was realized using the snowball method. Half-structured interviews were literally rewritten and then evaluated using open coding, and the codes were categorized. The results showed a positive effect of therapies on children with autism spectrum disorder. A positive influence means that the therapy has a positive effect on children with autism as certain changes are visible after completing the therapies. The biggest influence of therapies was found in communication, followed by imitation and understanding. In the past, nine therapies were used in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, but ABA therapy was used the most and music therapy and zootherapy were also very popular. Currently, half of the communication partners do not use any therapy. However, seven therapies are used at this time, where videotraining of interactions is the most applied. The frequency of use of therapies in children with autism spectrum disorder varies, but often therapies are used daily or never. With the help of this bachelor thesis, I expanded my knowledge about the issue of autism spectrum disorders and the therapies that can be applied in children with autism. We can never say for sure which therapy is the most suitable for a child with autism spectrum disorder because each person is unique and responds to therapies differently. The bachelor thesis can serve as feedback for therapists working with children with autism spectrum disorder.
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Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Inclusive Education at Primary School
KOSTKOVÁ, Hana
The Bc. thesis deals with pupils with autism spectrum disorder at the first grade of primary school. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part has two chapters. The first one defines autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their kinds. It also describes the typical manifestations of children with autism. The second chapter describes the inclusion of children with ASD in primary school, a role of an assistant of teacher and the relationships among classmates and pupil with autism. Facilities and organisations that can assist to schools and families in education of children with ASD are mentioned in the thesis as well. The main aims of the thesis were: to find available information on the inclusion of children with ASD, to find out the current experiences of assistants of teacher working with ASD children and finally, to check for up-to-date data on children with ASD in the South Bohemia region. The practical part was performed by qualitative research campaign using two methods: a semi-structured questionnaire and an interview. The thesis contains an evaluation of ten questionnaires with experiences of assistants of teacher working with a pupil with autistic spectrum disorder and their experience in the process of inclusion. Furthermore, current data on numbers of children with ASD in the South Bohemia region and information on the inclusion of pupils with ASD in common primary schools were obtained from the interpretation of the interview with a worker of the Specially Teaching Centre in České Budějovice. It can be concluded, because of application of inclusion, pupils with ASD have the same educational opportunities as other pupils at a common primary school.
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The Possibilities of alternative and augmentative communication for clients with ASD
ZEMANOVÁ, Kristina
The bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and behavior disorders. The aim of the work is to find out whether families with children with autism spectrum disorder use some of the AAC methods and whether, in their opinion, it is possible to prevent problematic behavior using an alternative communication system. The aim of the work is also to find out whether the use of AAC methods does not hinder the development of speech and, on the contrary, whether speech production can improve. The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of communication with clients who do not communicate verbally and at the same time do not use any of the AAC methods. The theoretical part, based on the study of academic literature, explains the basic term of autism, its characteristic signs and briefly characterizes the individual disorders of the autistic spectrum. It also deals with the definition of behavior disorders, communication and AAC methods that can be used when working with clients. The aim of the practical part is to analyze the data obtained by observation and evaluation of written questionnaires. The observation and questionnaire survey was carried out at the Children's Psychiatric Hospital in Opařany as part of respite care led by APLA South Bohemia. The method of quantitative research of questioning was used in this work and the results can be used by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders for the possible development of communication skills.
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Current possibilities of creating visual support for children with autism spectrum disorders in preschool age
PŘIBYLOVÁ, Pavla
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of autism spectrum disorders, or more precisely with. the topic of how special education teachers and teaching staff of ordinary kindergartens and schools or classes established according to article 9 paragraph 16, approach the creation of visual support for children with autism spectrum disorders in preschool age. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis, the individual chapters deal with the characteristics of autism spectrum disorders, the issie of communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorders and the use of alternative and augmentative forms of communication. The practical part is devoted to clarifying the approach of pedagogical staff of the issue of creating and using visual support for this target group. The research plan is determined by means of a questionnaire survey, which was attended by 100 teaching staff throughout the Czech Republic. The results show that the vast majority, i.e. 97 %, of respondents use visual support in their work. The questionnaire survey showed that the most used form of visual support are pictograms and the most common programs for creating visual support are MS Office programs. As the biggest principle in creating visual support, the respondents mentioned the need to proceed according to the individual needs of the child, while they use visual support mainly in the area of communication and daily routine.
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The role of volunteer in Context of Social Work with family taking care of a child with autism spectrum disorder
RAABOVÁ, Veronika
The family is the basic unit of society and the most important primary group in the socialization of the individual. If a child with an autism spectrum disorder is born into a family, it is a big shock for its members. There are a number of social services for these families that can help them with this difficult fate. The question is whether the child does not need a different form of attention than the one he/she receives from organizations providing these services. The volunteer could be an excellent helper in these families and an indispensable friend for the child. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to describe the role of a volunteer working in a family caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder as a supplement to social work with the family. To achieve the goal, the method of qualitative research and a form of questioning through a semi-structured interview was chosen, and the results were interpreted using the method of clusters. Based on the research, it is clear that the volunteer becomes an important support for the whole family and, above all, a much-needed friend of a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Its benefit lies not only in the child's development through play, but it is also a significant support for the child's parents. The research also reveals the risks of cooperation between a volunteer and a family caring for a child with an autism spectrum disorder. These are the volunteers' imperfect communication skills and parents' concerns about the insufficient training of these volunteers in the field of autism spectrum disorders. But all this is perfectly replaced by his/her indispensable help in the family. The bachelor thesis can serve as an information source for families with children suffering from autism spectrum disorder about the possibility of volunteer help. At the same time, this paper can strengthen the motivation of volunteers to volunteer in these families.
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Kvalita života rodin s dětmi s poruchou autistického spektra a dětskou mozkovou obrnou
BALOUN, Ingrid
Aim: The first two aims are focused on "pasportizeace" of social services for families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and children with cerebral palsy in the South-Bohemian region. The content of third and forth aim is finding out the life quality of families with chidren with Autism Spectrum Disorders and families with children with children cerebral palsy. The fifth and sixth aim is to find out the accessibility of social services for families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and for families with children with children cerebral palsy. The seventh and last aim is to create a plan for improving life quality for families and their children (families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and with children with children with cerebral palsy). Way of reaching the aim: The combined research was chosen which is combination of quantitative and quliatative research strategy. The quantitative part of the research is realized by support of two types of questionnairies. First questionnaire is so called basic questionnairie which is to find out basic data information about family and child. The other questionnaires were focused on measuring life quality. The life quality measuring was done by support of questionnaires PedsQL?. There were three modules of this questionnaire used: PedsQL? 4.0 Generic Core Scales, PedsQL? 2.0 Family Impact module and PedsQL? 3.0 Cerebral Palsy Module. The set was created by total of 115 families, from that 34 families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, 42 families with children with children cerebral palsy and 39 families with healthy children (as a control group). There was used half-structured interview in the quality part with the same parents with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and parents with childre with children cerebral palsy. Objectives 1 and 2: From the passporting of services is clear that there is a lack of social services that could be used by families with children with autism spectrum disorder. In addition, existing social services have full capacities. Objectives 3 and 4: In the quantitative part of the research, the evaluation of the PedsQL? 2.0 Family Impact Module, 4.0 generic Core Scales and 3.0 Cerebral Palsy module questionnaires revealed that the opinions of children and parents are generally the same, only in some areas parents are more critical. The results also showed that the quality of life according to PedsQLTM 4.0 generic module in children with cerebral palsy is significantly lower than the quality of life of children from the control sample of the intact population, both according to the evaluation of them and their parents. Furthermore, it was found that the quality of life of families of children with cerebral palsy is also significantly lower according to PedsQLTM 2.0 than in families of healthy children, while they do not differ in the time horizon. From the point of view of PedsQL? 3.0 cerebral palsy, it can be noted that the biggest problem for children with cerebral palsy is in the area of daily activities. Objectives 5 and 6: Families have to wait a long time for vacancies in social services. There is a lack of services in the South Bohemian Region that could be used by families with children with autism spectrum disorder. These families lack all services from early care to residential services. Families of children with cerebral palsy mainly lack residential services, such as weekly hospitals. Objective 7: The researcher proposes the establishment of centers that would use coordinated rehabilitation. However, the basis is the enactment of coordinated rehabilitation in the CzechRepublic. Furthermore, psychological support is important, which should start after the birth of a child with a disability, or immediately after the discovery of a disability.
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Training of communication skills with pre-school kids with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders in the first year in kindergarten
PAĎOUKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of communication a child with ASD and intellectual disability. The aim of the work is to reveal the current ways of communication for the child with ASD and intellectual disability entering the kindergarten and to set a suitable way of communication for the child. The partial goal is then to verify the functionality and suitability of the selected technique and to map the practice the childs communication . The work is divided into three parts - theoretical part, methodology and practical part. The theoretical part contains four chapters. The first chapter deals with the field of autism. It describes the basic characteristics of autism, manifestations, etiology and various types of autism. The second chapter deals with the intellectual disability, terminology, etiology, classification and manifestations in combination with autism. The third chapter deals with the issue of autism and intellectual disability in the preschool period. The last chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis deals with communication skills. The practical part of the work contains set goals and research questions. The research methodology is also described. A qualitative method of research is chosen for the research, specifically the design of a case study. The technique of observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis was used as a method of data collection. The research survey includes a case study a child who meets the set criteria. The case study shows the chosen comunication methods of a child with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability and presents communication training with the child.
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Early diagnostics of ASD and inclusion of children with ADS in the pre-school education system
PEŠLOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor's thesis deals with an early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in children and their placement into the preschool education system. The purpose of this work is to determine how the schools' advisory councils in the Czech South Bohemian region deal with issues related to ASD. Partial goal is to find out what experience the advisory councils have on placing children with ASD into the preschool education system. The research is divided into a theoretical and practical portion. The theoretical portion has four main chapters. Chapters consist of defining the ASD term, classification of certain disorders, early diagnosis of ASD, and preschool education of children with ASD. The beginning of the practical portion of this thesis describes the issues associated with the selected subject, the target of the work and research questions. Qualitative research has been chosen for the practical portion. The method of conducting semi-structured interviews has been selected for data collection. A component of the practical portion is preliminary research, which is focused on the collaboration within individual advisory councils in the Czech South Bohemian region. The end of the practical portion states the research results, answers to respective research questions and the research goal. The bachelor's thesis identifies the course of examination of children with ASD and its associated length of waiting period for specific examinations as well as final diagnosis. It deals with the cooperation of school advisory councils and individual specialists. Upon the obtained information from the research, cooperation is beneficial to selecting an easier and better education intervention for children with ASD. Further on, the bachelor's thesis examines the course of the process of placing children with ASD into the preschool system, during which the pedagogical cabinet partakes significantly. Lastly, the thesis discusses current issues which complicate the diagnosis process. The results of the research are beneficial to those dealing with early childhood diagnostics of ASD. It can also aid parents, students and newcomer professionals in understanding how the systems of given institutions work.
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Changes in Institution in Individual Integration of a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorders into Common Preschool.
DRDOVÁ JONÁŠOVÁ, Daniela
The bachelor thesis deals with changes in an institution while individually integrating a child with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) into a mainstream preschool. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into three sections. The first section describes the definition of the autism spectrum disorders, etiology, a triad of problematic areas, unspecific variable features, description of selected disorders and diagnosis. The second section defines the terms of integration and inclusion. The third section deals with possibilities of educating children with autism spectrum disorders, preschool education and selected supporting measures. By means of qualitative research, specifically a case study, the aim of the practical part is to observe and describe specific phenomena occurring while individually integrating a child with autism spectrum disorders into a mainstream preschool. For qualitative data collection, techniques of participant observation, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews were applied. The aim of the thesis is to respond to the research questions and to achieve the set goal. The bachelor thesis can be used as inspirational material for preschools meeting individual integration of a child with ASD for the first time.
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Public opinion and preschool educators knowledge about preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (PAS)
VRBKA, Vít
This bachelor thesis is aimed at finding out how is the general population and pedagogues in kindergarten informed about the problematic of children that suffers autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The thesis is divided into two parts which are a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part is aimed at delimitation of this topic and a general characterization of ASD, and it introduces its clarification. In the next chapter you're going to find out about so-called "triad of impairments" which is quite common for ASD. The third chapter is focused on the development of this disorder from a newborn child to the child in early school years. The fourth chapter presents preschool education of the kids that suffers ASD with subchapters that are dedicated to legislative definition, FEP EE and the opportunities in preschool education. The last chapter describes the methodology of the education of kids that suffers with ASD, the integral part is structured teaching, applied behavioral analysis and an interchangeable image communication system. The practical part issues from a high quality research which is a questionnaire for general public and pedagogues, and it compares the answers from those two groups. The respondents are asked for example about the symptoms of ASD and based by their judgement they decide about the relevance of autism, and they are challenged to confirm or decline the truthfulness of the myths related to said disorder.
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