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Legal Argumentation: Correct and Incorrect Ways of Drawing Conclusions
Drozdková, Anna ; Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
Legal Argumentation: Correct and Incorrect Ways of Drawing Conclusions Abstract This master's thesis addresses the issue of legal argumentation and its significance within the context of the Czech legal environment. Legal argumentation represents a key element in the process of legal implementation, especially in the phase of its discovery, and it has a fundamental impact on the legitimacy of decision-making. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of this issue, ideally covering its entirety. Argumentation is broadly conceived as presenting reasons for a certain conclusion with the aim of convincing the recipient to accept such conclusion. In this conception, both correct, appropriate methods of argumentation, as well as incorrect methods of argumentation, are included. The thesis thus strives to define the boundary between correct and incorrect argumentation and to identify criteria for evaluating the correctness of argumentation. The first part of the thesis situates legal argumentation within the context of the process of legal implementation, examining its role in the discovery of law and the assurance of the process's legitimacy. The second part focuses on argumentation itself, defining its essence and specifics in the legal context, including the judicial one. The third part...
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Linguistic procedures of argumentation in mass media.
BORNOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze different types of argumentation in mass media. The thesis will be focused on different point of views on the problematics, especially on logic, pragmatics, rhetoric and linguistic. The mayor emphasis will be put on the linguistic point of view. The theory will be accompanied by analyzed practical examples originating from mass media. Most of the examples comes from newspapers, some of them are from social networks and some of them are advertisements. At the end of the thesis is located a practical demonstration of a detailed text analysis. The secondary aim is to elaborate a didactic proposition of a worksheet for Spanish class focused on the problematics of argumentation. The diploma thesis is terminated by a resumé in Czech language.
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British Logic in the 19th Century
Joachim, Jiří ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šebela, Karel (referee)
According to American philosopher W. W. Bartley, the transition from tradi- tional Aristotelian to Boolean logic is a revolutionary milestone in the history of logic. The work of George Boole which was followed by a developement of a mathematicaly oriented logic brings a shift of paradigm. In my thesis I follow the period in which the shift is said to have happened. I explicate the elements of syllogistic and its main conceptions as expounded in a textbook The Rudiments of Logic written by Henry Aldrich. Furthermore I demon- strate logical systems of three authors: Archbishop Richard Whately, George Boole and Lewis Carroll. I accent the connection of those systems and the practical aspect of logic. With this in mind I consider Bartley's statement and estimate the role of the rules in the systems and its possible use in three domains circumscribed in Aldriches book: simple apprehension, judgement and discourse. 1
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The City Dweller´s Distrust of Folk. The Narrative Figure
Jedličková, Alice
This paper focuses on a strategy used to represent rural people, or “simple folk,” in narratives whose goal is to motivate readers to reassess their own attitudes towards the folk. The authorial intent of such works draws from the idea that traditional values are not appreciated and therefore must be discovered and protected (e.g., language, the past, the rural folk). Urban dwellers’ prejudiced perception of the countryside represented in such narratives can be simply formulated through contrasting images: for example, the progress, education, and conveniences offered by the city versus the backwardness, ignorance, and poverty of the countryside. This strategy is based on the distrustful or dismissive views of city people towards the folk as implicitly voiced by the narrator or by a specific character in the narrative. In contrast, we also find rather explicit counterarguments against these views in the speech of the narrator or in the speech, actions, and behaviors of the characters. In rural-themed prose from the 1850s through the 1870s, the subject matter of this study, this constellation of ideas and opposing ideas is regularly reflected in both the story and the narrative discourse and forms a stable narrative device, which substantially contributes to forming the narrative point-of-view and its effectiveness in persuading readers. In some works, this narrative device permeates the entire text and affects its genre - in Božena Němcová’s short story “Poor Folk” the “slice of life” genre intertwines with the genre of argument: every situation presented is in some regards an argument against the previously established idea that “city people distrust the folk.”
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Descriptive statistics in R with application on real data
Pirohová, Eva ; Bašta, Milan (advisor) ; Šulc, Zdeněk (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the statistical software R, its use in descriptive statistics and to explain the principle of entering commands and functions in R. In the theoretical part of the thesis the user will be given the basic information about descriptive statistics and the key principles of R software. An important part of the thesis is an illustration of functions and codes which are to be entered into a script or a command window. The practical part represents the way of applying descriptive statistics on real data by using functions and codes in R, including the corresponding types of graphs. There is always an explanation following the example. This thesis contains all the important information which those who start with basic statistical analysis and R software should know. Despite the fact that working with R may be rather complicated at the beginning, this thesis is written in such a way so that it can be read by a beginner in R and statistical analysis.
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C. S. Peirce on Science and Practice
Lošťák, Dalibor ; Karľa, Michal (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
In this paper we present C. S. Peirce's take on the difference between science and practice in order to identify the role practice plays in his view of the universe. This take is based on a number of notions about the general nature of signs, inquiries, inferences and arguments, which we discuss. We then survey Peirce's classification of science, show the factors it is based on and examine the mutual relations of the various fields of scientific study. This lets us finally posit practice in the realm of qualities and reactions and show the limits of scientific inquiry into certain matters. We illustrate our findings on a number of examples.
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Self-presentation as the Part of Personal Marketing Strategy-Analysis of Political Speeches Between 2012-2014
Ouahdjinová, Tereza ; Orban, Karol (advisor) ; Šoltys, Otakar (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on the role of the self-presentation of the individual in a communication situation. In the theoretical part are described basic principles of a marketing strategy and forces, which motivate person to certain way of behaviour. As a product the individual shows his or her personal qualities and skills to surroundings, as a marketing manager he or she directs the presentation and the change of these, regarding a development of communication situation. His aim in this competitive environment is to gain the desired place (status) and the trust of others. In the process he uses various persuasive techniques which are formed into a short-term tactics and through them is he fulfilling partial steps, which makes the whole marketing strategy focused on a success and on an achievement of the long-term aim. In the process the individual analyses the market, opponents and his- or her-own strength and weakness. Later, person applies gained knowledge in tactics which he implements into the communication process that is crucial for the reception of a send message and its interpretation. Persuasive or manipulative skills of a speaker (the sender of the message) have here the important role. For a creation of the trustworthy impression are used tools of verbal (argumentation) and...
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British Logic in the 19th Century
Joachim, Jiří ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šebela, Karel (referee)
According to American philosopher W. W. Bartley, the transition from tradi- tional Aristotelian to Boolean logic is a revolutionary milestone in the history of logic. The work of George Boole which was followed by a developement of a mathematicaly oriented logic brings a shift of paradigm. In my thesis I follow the period in which the shift is said to have happened. I explicate the elements of syllogistic and its main conceptions as expounded in a textbook The Rudiments of Logic written by Henry Aldrich. Furthermore I demon- strate logical systems of three authors: Archbishop Richard Whately, George Boole and Lewis Carroll. I accent the connection of those systems and the practical aspect of logic. With this in mind I consider Bartley's statement and estimate the role of the rules in the systems and its possible use in three domains circumscribed in Aldriches book: simple apprehension, judgement and discourse. 1
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Statistical methods in R
Jiráň, Robin ; Löster, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bílková, Diana (referee)
This thesis deals with the most important statistic methods, ways of calculating and syntax in the environment of R statistic programme. The initial parts of the bachelor thesis content a brief theoretical basis for the main chapters of the practical part. In the following chapters the use of R programme itself for calculating statistic tasks is explained. The particular parts of recording functions in R programme are presented, important arguments are described and both text and graphical inputs are displayed.
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