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Technical and economic assessment of projects of wastewater treatment plants and their impact on the environment
Vrbková, Jiřina ; Zúbková,, Mária (referee) ; Götzová,, Dagmar (referee) ; Hromádka, Vít (referee) ; Korytárová, Jana (advisor)
The doctoral thesis deals with the issue of evaluating of technical-economic efficiency of wastewater treatment plant projects. Same as most public benefit projects, the main reason for implementation is the societal benefit of the company, not the impact on the investor. The literature review provides an overview of the most commonly used methods of environmental impact assessment, which differ in both the difficulty of processing and in the structure of input and output information. In accordance with the European legislation, the Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is applied to a selected sample of waste water treatment plants, in its economic part, the standardly assessed societal impacts are extended by other possible benefits associated with the implementation of the project implementation. The main output of the thesis is the quantification of the increment to the societal benefit of the project, which is set to the difference between the economic net present value of the investment and the standard and individually designed socio-economic impacts. As an alternative to the traditional approach, the thesis also simulates the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), method is based on multi-criteria evaluation shows the technical efficiency of the sewage treatment plant sample and thus serves as a very effective tool in managerial decision-making.
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The study of behavior of platinum nanoparticles in environmental compartments
Berka, Michal ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
Platinum nanoparticles pose a risk to environmental compartments. The aim of this diploma thesis is to conduct research on the influence of platinum nanoparticles in a wide range of concentrations on soil properties at different humidities. Specifically, it is about influencing the stability of water molecular bridges, the content of aliphatic crystallites, the retention capacity of water in the soil and the strength of water binding. Furthermore, the amount of nanoparticles sorbed on the soil was also measured. These indicators give us more information about the influence of platinum nanoparticles on evapotranspiration and soil deterioration. Methods of thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry) and optical methods (atomic absorption spectrometry) were used for these researches. The theoretical part of the work is devoted to a comprehensive introduction to platinum and its nanoparticles, as well as aqueous molecular bridges. It has been found that 200 nm platinum nanoparticles affect the strength of aqueous molecular bridges, have no effect on aliphatic crystallite content, have minimal effect on soil water retention, and that the water bond strength decreases due to platinum nanoparticles at high relative humidity. With 200 nm platinum nanoparticles, complete adsorption to soil occurs over the entire concentration range. With 3 nm nanoparticles, the soil is supersaturated at higher concentrations and larger amounts are not adsorbed. The results show that the larger the size of the platinum nanoparticles, the lower the negative effect on evapotranspiration and soil function itself.
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Waste Economy Management in the Company
Mlejnek, Tomáš ; Ing.Zapletalová Zuzana (referee) ; Kocmanová, Alena (advisor)
This thesis analyze the current state of waste economy management in the company with aim for draft to put forvard for reuse, disposal and removal to minimize the cost of waste. First part gets on with classify the type of waste management, waste divide and utilization. Next part looks into the state of waste and production in company. The last part is based on previous and it is suggested for improvement in solution of the environment.
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New perspectives of fly ash applications with respect to prognosis of their sources.
Sokol, Pavel ; Bydžovský, Jiří (referee) ; Ďurica,, Tibor (referee) ; Dohnálek,, Pavel (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
Energy by-products are very interesting source of raw materials for the production of various kinds of building materials in the Czech Republic. Due to annual production of volumes and also markedly more stable quality is needed more to enforce their utilization. Work provides a unique comprehensive perspective on energy by-products in the Czech Republic. The work assesses really wide spectrum not only domestic energy by-products both from the physico-mechanical or physico-chemical parameters so from point of view of the variability of their properties, structure evaluation or environmental performance. Another important benefit is extensive and complex evaluation of the suitability of an almost complete ash production of company ČEZ for both basic types of artificial aggregates based on fly ash. The work represents a practical view of the producer of energy by-products on the comprehensive problems of power plant operation, material flows and mainly on usability of energy by-products in building materials. Illustratively are presented studies of economic and ecological advantages of substitution conventional raw materials by secondary energy products. The work deals with the issue of optimizing legislative regulations of the Czech Republic, implementation of the regulation European Parliament, for maximum simplification and streamline the process of certification of products based on energy by-products.
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The history of uranium mining with particular emphasis on the 21st century
FUKA, Stanislav
Uranium is a chemical element with the brand U discovered in 1789 by German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. Initially it was not particularly interesting for mankind, it was used mainly for colouring the glass. A major turning point came after the Second World War, when uranus began to be used for nuclear weapons and later for nuclear industry. At that time Czechoslovakia was the great world power in the production of uranium. The aim of my bachelor´s work is a description of the uranium research characteristics and development of uranium mining in the 20st and the 21st century in the Czech Republic and in the world. An intergovernmental contract between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union about an uranium supply was signed in 1945. Jáchymov was the key place for the Soviet Union, there was only a research carried out in other places of Czechoslovakia. There were exported 98 500 tons of the separated uranium ore and the concentrate to the USSR. The uranium industry employed 40 000 people in the fifties of the last century and it should be mentioned that a considerable part consisted of inmates and prisoners. At the turn of the fifties and sixties, the supply for military purposes is filled up and the uranium begins to be used mainly for nuclear energy. The mining is reduced after 1989 mainly due to an overproduction of uranium. The uranium mines are gradually closed and the places of extraction and chemical finishing departments of the ore are recultivated. The only mine, which is still in operation, is in Dolní Rožínka in the Bohemian-moravian highlands. A significant problem nowadays after the extraction seems to be the location of Stráž pod Ralskem, where the uranium is mined by the method of chemical infusion (In Situ Leach), and the chemical finishing department of the ore, mainly a MAPE Mydlovary. The price of remedial work estimated at 40 billion Czech crowns in Stráž pod Ralskem and will last approximately for the next 20 years. Redevelopment in the 5 MAPE Mydlovary is estimated in the tens of billions of Czech crowns and it will take about another ten years. Bachelor´s thesis is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part, there are described the sources and methods of uranium mining, the concepts of radioactivity, uranit. After that there is described the current state of environmental burdens in the MAPE Mydlovary in Českobudějovicko. In the practical part I deal with the issue of the impact of uranium mining on man and the environment, the development in uranium mining in developing countries and the perspective of the extraction and a comparison of the uranium reserves in the Czech Republic and in the world. A section of the practical part follows up the development of the price of uranium in world market.
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Integrated Management System
Slavíček, Jakub ; Krásová, Anna (referee) ; Koška, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the introduction of integrate management system. Spe-cifically, the introduction of quality management and environmental management systems. The practical part includes a review of the current status of compliance with the requirements of standards ISO 9001/2009 and ISO 14001/2005, a registry of legal requirements, identifying environmental aspects and their evaluation in terms of significance and identification of emergency danger situation.
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Properties of liquids based on organic esters
Toulová, Jana ; Rozsívalová, Zdenka (referee) ; Frk, Martin (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with the electrical insulation fluids used in electronics industry. The analysis of the current state of research and innovations in modern, biodegradable fluids in terms of their use as diagnostics. It is described by the physical nature of polarization and conductivity mechanisms, which are applied in liquids. It was compiled automated workstation for monitoring components of the complex permittivity over a wide temperature range. In the experimental part we analyzed the behavior of liquids selected alternative based on natural esters when exposed to an alternating electric field at various temperatures. Evaluated results are compared with values for conventional mineral oil.
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Positive and negative impact of biomass combustion
Jurek, Roman ; Hrnčířová, Michaela (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This work is a specialized research dealing with biomass burning. It outlines key issues as the actual combustion of biomass and an equally significant influence its production on the environment. The first half is devoted to the definition of biomass, its distribution and impact of biomass production for fuel on the environment. The second half is devoted to the process of combustion and emissions released.
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Specifics of Passive Houses
Hortová, Michaela ; Chovancová, Jitka (referee) ; Kocourková, Gabriela (advisor)
The aim of this work is to extend understanding and knowledge of the problems of low-energy and passive houses. The theoretical part is focused on defining the characteristics of low-energy and passive houses. In practical part I analyze and compare three real houses. One of them is the passive house. This analysis is extended of assessment of the residents behavior.
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Land management for development project
Černý, Petr ; Lukelová, Petra (referee) ; Ivanička, Koloman (advisor)
Topic of this bachelor thesis is preparation of land for a development project. The thesis consists of two parts. The theoretical part gives on overview of processes necessary for initiation, preparation and implementation of the development project. Namely these are the idea of construction, issues related to spatial planning, different phases of the development project, funding of the development project, ensuring the legal ownership of the land and setting the utilities. The practical part describes the difference between two development projects of land preparation for construction of houses, one initiated and managed by a local authority and the second of uncontrolled construction on property of a real estate owner.
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