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Surface problem-solving strategies of primary school students in solving word problems and activities leading to their overcoming
Brejchová, Eva ; Havlíčková, Radka (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
The thesis focuses on the process of solving word problems. The theoretical part defines the typology of word problems, the phases of solving a word problem, and the description of surface solving strategies. The practical part sets goals: 1. to map the difficulties students face when solving word problems and 2. to design, implement, and evaluate activities that could help students reduce these difficulties. The core of the work is action research conducted by a classroom teacher with third-grade students. The research is divided into two phases. The first phase includes tasks: 1. to identify the types of problems that cause difficulties for students, i.e., problems with a low overall success rate of solution, 2. to determine representatives of students with characteristic areas of difficulty. The selected types of problems will be assigned to students in various forms in the second phase of the research with the goal of implementing and subsequently evaluating the interventions mentioned below. The selection of student representatives on whom I focused the intervention activities in the second phase was carried out based on observations of all students solving word problems, analysis of their written solutions, reflections, and short semi-structured interviews. The interventions are designed to...
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Teacher's approach to language and situational context of mathematical word problem
Viktorová, Martina ; Havlíčková, Radka (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
The focus of this thesis is to investigate how the elementary school teachers work with mathematical word problem from the perspective of language and situational-contextual level of word problem. Furthermore it is focused on the teachers' work approach to the word problem and identification of phenomena oriented to one of cognitive modes - paradigmatic and narrative described by J. S. Bruner (1986) and O. Chapman (2006). The main research method of this thesis is based on observing how the teachers work with the word problem in class and interviewing them as well as pupils. In the theoretical part of the thesis the mathematical word problem is determined, and it is focused on the word problem on the level of language and context. The cognitive functioning of pupil is described as well as the two problem solving approaches - narrative and paradigmatic by J. S. Bruner, and their application during solving the word problem according to O. Chapman's elaboration. Furthermore the definition of word problem and specification of non-standard word problem in curriculum document FEP BE is described. The practical part is based on qualitative research. The research is designed to provide objective information about the teachers' approach to the word problem and teachers' way of working with language and...
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Interpretation of calculations in word problems - looking for a question
Legová, Tereza ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
Title: Interpretation of calculations in word problems - looking for a question Author: Tereza Legová Department: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Naďa Vondrová, Ph.D., Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education Abstract: This thesis deals with an exploratory study of the introduction of modified word problems into the teaching of mathematics. The modification of the classical word problem consists in setting the context of the word problem and calculation. The task of pupils is to find out what we get by the given calculation, what question the calculation answers and substantiate their claims. The aim of the thesis was to describe how pupils think in solving this type of problem. Specifically, it investigated what strategies pupils elect and what difficulties arise in solving. The theoretical part of the thesis is a search of literature on the topic of solving word problems and their possible implementation in teaching. The practical part is divided into two phases. A test consisting of three problem contexts was given to pupils. The aim was to determine the meaning of the three given calculations for the each context. Before solving the test, a sample problem was discussed with the pupils. In the first phase, interviews were conducted with six pupils...
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