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Creative Accounting in Small and Micro Companies in the Czech Republic
Zemánková, Lenka ; Kocmanová, Alena (referee) ; Schillerová, Alena (referee) ; Živělová, Iva (referee) ; Fedorová, Anna (advisor)
The dissertation deals with the issue of creative accounting of small and micro companies in the Czech Republic. Creative accounting is a phenomenon that gained importance in the 21st century after publicizing of a number of accounting scandals. In the context of economic crisis and budget deficit, the phenomenon of creative accounting, in particular the prevention and detection of financial manipulation, is a topical issue which draws attention of experts specialized in economics as well as of entire countries including the Czech Republic. The research focus on small and micro companies stems from the undeniable importance of this segment for the performance of the economy of the entire country. This dissertation provides a comprehensive view of the issue of creative accounting in terms of theoretical approaches as well as its practical application. Primary research is based on an analysis of the phenomenological paradigm, i.e. it focuses on the understanding of human behaviour on the basis of a reference framework of research participants. The main aim of primary research is to discover the motives, techniques, perception of risk and consequences of creative accounting in the Czech Republic. The main research method used in the research is a case study based on a comparison of four business entities. The consequences of creative accounting are illustrated on a critical case. The main limitation of the dissertation rests in the impossibility of examining a large sample. The research revealed some findings that are contributive in particular to practice in the area of prevention and detection of creative accounting. The research provides findings usable by supervisory bodies to improve detection of creative accounting, and thus to increase the perceived risks. Another contribution of the dissertation is a suggestion of several possible alterations of legislation which will help reduce existing opportunities of creative accounting in relation to the motives to carry out creative accounting. Assistance in directing further research into the issue of creative accounting may also be considered important, in particular for the theory.
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The Creative Accounting in the Selected Company
Šplíchalová, Šárka ; Doležal, Vladimír (referee) ; Zemánková, Lenka (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the area of creative accounting, more specifically on Schwarz system. The issues are resolved by recalculation per employee and by accurate and fair depiction of accountancy according to the legislation. The results of thesis reveal impact of Schwarz system on the company. The differences in costs which the company saves are quantified and the penalties that result from such behavior are also specified.
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The Creative Accounting in the Selected Company
Veselá, Lucie ; Pikl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Zemánková, Lenka (advisor)
The topic of the diploma thesis is creative accounting used in accounting of a certain business corporation. First, main terminologies that are important for creative accounting are identified. Further, various practices of creative accounting of a business corporation dealing with construction works are identified. Correct re-accounting of all accounting transactions that are in contradiction with laws is proposed. The analytical part summarizes all and compiles account sheets corresponding with the authentic and honest portrayal of accounting entity.
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Forensic Accounting and Economic Criminality
ŠEJBA, Roman
This thesis is focused on the topic of "Forensic Accounting and Economic Crime". It combines theoretical and practical knowledge. The main objective of this work is to present accounting fraud and economic crime. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first one is accounting manipulation of reports, which is described in the part of the test detection models. Fraudulent conduct, whether by employees, management, or external person. Generally the frads have a bad effect on the business environment. Defamation from an external person may also have a fatal impact on the company. The primary and most important factor of the impact on the company is financial loss. Other important factors are the loss of customer, supplier and employee confidence and the loss of company's goodwill. The thesis should show and interconnect individual test models of financial reports on selected accounting units. In case these test models reveal possible manipulation of financial reports, it then means there was an economic crime commited. The three selected enterprises are from the same industry. They have the same period of observation and their development over time is tested by detection models. The selection of the companies is based on their reporting of profit or loss, cash flow and other necessary indicators used for test models. The enterprises are tested using the CFEBT model, Jones non-discretionary accruals and the Dechow-Dichev accrual quality model. The second part includes an analysis of economic crimes in the Czech Republic and describes some real cases. Data from 2014 to 2019 are analyzed in terms of frequency and in terms of loss expressed in CZK, with a special focus on accounting and tax crimes. The analysis is supplemented by the clarification of economic crime in the period under review.
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Kreatívne účtovníctvo
Andrášová, Kristína
The bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of creative accounting. In the literature search, it first deals with the terms and definitions of creative accounting itself, which are forcing the entity's management to resort to the application of creative accounting, defining accounting practices and techniques for creative accounting and models which can detect these practices. Furthermore, the literature review shows the distinction between creative accounting and accounting fraud, sanctions and punishment, and the history of the best-known scandals. Various practical accounting practices are used in the practical part of the bachelor thesis on model examples, which are supposed to reduce profit or loss unit's economy.
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Postupy kreativního účetnictví a jejich účetní a daňové dopady
Ševčíková, Barbora
Ševčíková B. Creative accounting practices and accounting and tax implications. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2019. The thesis deals with the practice of creative accounting techniques with an analysis of the impact on the profit and tax base. The first part deals with the concept of creative accounting, creative techniques, sanction and tax optimization. In the second part, creative accounting techniques are applied on company. The aim was, analyse and compare changes before and after the use of creative activity. Part 2 also includes proposals for companies to prevent creative accounting and tax optimization.
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Forensic Accounting as a Tool to Reduce the Risk of Accounting Fraud
MIHALO, Jan
The topic of this diploma thesis is the Forensic Accounting, which is related to the accounting fraud. Literature review is a chapter devoted to the characteristics of accounting fraud, damage caused by fraudulent behavior and punishment. There is also an information from global economic fraud surveys performed by top consulting company. In this diploma work is a chapter about internal control system, with prerequisites for its functioning and used tools. The last part of literature review is about method of forensic accounting. These methods are used in the practical part a tested on financial statements, processed according to Czech accounting standards, of chosen company. Then in the practical part is an evaluation of internal control system, which is described in detail. Another part is dedicated to the accounting crime committed in the chosen company. Even though that accounting crime was committed, current state of internal control system of chosen company is very good. The analysis which was retroactively done indicates a possible risk of accounting fraud just in this period. These forensic methods were applied also for another years and it has been shown that accounting gives a true and fair view.
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Risk management options for accounting errors and accounting fraud
ŠÍMA, Pavel
The topic of the thesis is " Risk management options for accounting errors and accounting fraud". The accounting should correspond to the actual situation, which should be displayed in a comparable manner and with the prescribed accounting methods. All financial statement items must be displayed faithfully and fairly. Honesty is associated with the use of accounting methods. When an entity uses accounting methods correctly, it can be stated that accounting is not only true but also fair. However, there are different valuation methods, and each method can lead to a different result. Therefore, it can be assumed that in practice there may also be purposeful manipulation. The aim of this thesis is to determine by means of detection models whether there are accounting manipulations with accounting statements for companies that have transport as their main activity according to CZ-NACE and at the same time evaluate the ability to detect accounting manipulations of these models. For detection and evaluation of possible accounting manipulations, selected detection models were used - Jones's non-discriminatory accrual, Beneish model and CFEBT model. As a complement to the detection model, the modified Taffler model, and the IN99 model were counted to determine the financial health of the entities in the sample.
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Analysis identification methods of accounting fraud
JAROLÍMKOVÁ, Kamila
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of creative accounting and subsequent manipulation of financial statements. This is the current topic in our country and in the world. After several world scandals in the area of deliberate misrepresentation of accounting, an increasing emphasis is placed on the reporting ability of financial statements and, in particular, their true and fair value. Financial statements are often the basis for making economic decisions by external users of financial statements. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize other possible methods leading to the detection of the misstatements in them. The diploma thesis is divided into literary and practical part. In the literary part the reader is acquainted with basic concepts, definition of creative accounting and accounting fraud. There is also a set of selected identification methods used both to prevent the creation and to detect accounting frauds. The practical part of the thesis applies four selected models to the financial statements of the selected entity. It is a small entity without an audit obligation where the main activity is the provision of IT services. Applied and further compared are the Beneish M-Score, Jones Nondiscretionary accruals, CFEBT and Piotroski F-Score models. An add-on is a bankrupt Altman model that evaluates the financial health of the entity, but it does not indicate anything about the possibility of disturbing the true and fair value. Risk periods are analyzed in detail using basic financial analysis techniques. The conclusion of the thesis provides an evaluation of the applicability and suitability of the used methods for the given type of business.
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The creative accounting - accounting fraud in terms of the Czech republic
KUBATOVÁ, Zuzana
This thesis deals with a very important and serious topic, which is creative accounting and its relation to accounting frauds. Most of the society finds creative accounting undesirable because it was mentioned in relation to bankruptcy of big American a European companies after the revelation of their financial manipulations. The thesis analyses accounting frauds focusing on fraud detection, prevention, typical fraudster and criteria of the fraudelent actions according to the fraud triangle.
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