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Heat transfer in solar energy equipment
Hylas, Martin ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Babička Fialová, Dominika (advisor)
Photovoltaic panels are an efficient device for converting solar energy when exposed to high solar radiation intensity, which is, however, associated with a high ambient temperature. The high operating temperature of a photovoltaic panel has a negative effect on the efficiency and lifetime of the device. The first part of this thesis presents the current state of the art in the field of active and passive cooling methods for photovoltaic panels. The main metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of cooling systems are the cooling rate and the power gain of the photovoltaic module. The research shows that significant reduction of temperature effects can be achieved by support systems, but based on the experimental work to date there is no unified view on the applicability of the cooling devices in practice. Investment and operating costs are a significant barrier to the use of these systems by the general public. A possible solution to efficiently generate electricity and utilise otherwise wasted heat is to combine the functions of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors into hybrid photovoltaic-thermal collectors. The tubular distribution system is an integral part of these installations. From a design point of view, these are simple systems, naturally subject to uneven distribution of the working medium, which results in a decrease in the efficiency of the entire device. In the second part of the thesis, the functionality of analytical models to predict the distribution of the working medium in a K-type distribution system is verified. The results of the comparison of predicted data with experimentally measured values show that the predictive ability of the analytical models is strongly dependent on the method of determining the value of hydraulic resistance (local losses).
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Application for Aiding Solar Panel Positioning
Mudroň, Marek ; Bambušek, Daniel (referee) ; Herout, Adam (advisor)
Táto práca podrobne popisuje vývoj a iteratívne testovanie webovej aplikácie určenej na odhad solárneho výkonu fotovoltaických systémov. Hlavným cieľom bolo vytvoriť používateľské rozhranie (UI) a poskytnúť intuitívnu používateľskú skúsenosť (UX), cielenú pre amatérskych používateľov zaujímajúcich sa o fotovoltaické riešenia. Aplikácia umožňuje používateľom vybrať si geografickú polohu stavby, použiť textúru mapy pre jej namodelovanie a umiestniť solárne panely na strechu v zapojení podľa vlastného výberu. Používatelia môžu do systému pridať aj svoje vlastné modely panelov. Aplikácia využíva simulačný model na odhad výkonu navrhnutého systému. Nakoniec prezentuje výsledky predstavujúce očakávaný výťažok elektrickej energie.
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Detached house in Horní Stakory
Hornychová, Anna ; Melcr, Petr (referee) ; Fišarová, Zuzana (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to design a nearly zero-energy detached house. It is located in Horní Stakory near Mladá Boleslav. The project is divided into two parts. The first part is the documentation for the construction of the building. The second part focuses on the internal environment of the house especially the heating system. It is a two-storey L-shaped building with an attached garage with a flat roof. The main part of the building has a gable roof. The first floor of the building is designed as a living area – living room, study or guest room, bathroom, utility room. The second floor is designed as private – bedrooms, bathroom and WC. The building is based on concrete foundation strips. The vertical structures are masonry made of sand-lime bricks. The building is insulated with the ETICS. Horizontal load-bearing structures are made of reinforced concrete. Heat losses through ventilation are eliminated using a mechanical ventilation unit with heat recovery. The heat pump will heat the supplied air and provide water heating for the underfloor heating. The main building will be heated by underfloor heating supplemented by electric towel heaters and occasionally by an electric heater in a non-heated garage. Solar panels will heat the hot domestic water. Electrical energy will be supplied from photovoltaic panels located above the garage and from the grid. Rainwater will be accumulated in a storage tank and used further for watering. The excess rainwater will be soaked up.
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Energy-saving family house in Jablunka
Mrnuštík, Petr ; Vrána, Jakub (referee) ; Počinková, Marcela (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis focuses on designing a low-energy detached house in village Jablunka. Thesis is divided into two parts, first one is aimed at structural and architectural design, whilst the second one focuses on building services, especially heating with solid fuels. The house is divided into a two-storey and a single-storey part. Ground floor includes master bedroom, utility room and mainly open-plan living room connected to kitchen which opens onto a deck and garden. First floor then includes two bedrooms and study. Both floors have their own bathrooms with separate toilets. Structural system is designed as masonry walls from aerated concrete blocks, which are transferring load onto plain concrete foundation strips. Floor slab is to be made of reinforced concrete. Two-storey part is covered by prefabricated rib–and–filler gable roof with 15° slope, from aerated concrete fillers and reinforced concrete, the one-storey part has flat roof. Walls are insulated by 140 mm of mineral wool, plinth then by 120 mm of XPS. Ground slab will be insulated by 220 mm of graphite EPS, floor slab is insulated by 40 mm of impact sound insulation from mineral wool and 50 mm of EPS with installation layer. Flat roof is insulated by 220–340 mm of mineral wool with screed to fall function. Gable roof is then insulated by 180 mm PIR panels. Rainwater will be collected and stored in rainwater tank for gardening use, overflow will then lead to drainage blocks, where the water can be absorbed into soil, with overflow into stormwater sewer system. Ventilation is designed equal pressure, mechanical with enthalpy heat recovery exchanger and heating battery covering ventilation losses. Main heating source is solid fuel boiler, storing its energy in 750liter hot water tank, from which is the heat distributed into 200liter domestic hot water tank, ventilation heating battery and heating elements such as convectors, panel and rail radiators. As renewable source of energy is designed photothermal panels which will mainly heat domestic hot water, excess heat will then be stored in hot water tank.
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Detached house in Opatovice
Řezáčová, Veronika ; Jelínek, Petr (referee) ; Dohnal, Jakub (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to develop a documentation for building permit of a new-build single-family house. First part of this thesis focuses on architectural and structural design of detached house with separate garage. This part also contains building physics assessment and fire safety assessment. The house has a rectangular shape, two-storeys and it is roofed with a gable roof. On the ground floor, there is a wind lobby, a utility room, a hall with a staircase, a study, a small storage, a living room connected with a kitchen, a bathroom and a toilet. On the first floor, there is one master bedroom with a walk-in wardrobe, a bathroom and three children’s bedrooms. The structural system is designed as masonry composed of sand-lime blocks, external walls are insulated with EPS. Foundations and floor structure are designed as the cast-in-place reinforced concrete slabs and the roof structure is made of prefabricated elements. Second part contains the concepts of building services design and a documentation for building permit for the heating system. The main source of heat is an air-water heat pump. Domestic hot water is also heated by solar panels and the house is heated by floor heating. Ventilation is ensured by a mechanical ventilation unit with heat recovery. Rainwater will be collected in a storage tank and used for watering the garden. An energy performance certificate of the building is also included.
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Comparison of photovoltaic and photothermal systems for hot water heating in an apartment building
Švéda, Richard ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Toman, Filip (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis examines the comparative merits of photovoltaic and photothermal systems for domestic hot water heating. The introductory section provides an overview of solar radiation, its origin, and its striking the Earth´s surface. Thereafter, both systems are subject to detailed analysis and calculations. These systems are designed for a specific residential unit and evaluated from technical, financial, and operational perspectives. Based on these calculations and analyses, the most suitable choice for the given location is recommended.
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Photovoltaic system for a family house
Hájek, Vojtěch ; Gregorovičová, Eva (referee) ; Toman, Filip (advisor)
This bachelor thesis explores the utilization of a photovoltaic system to reduce a family house's dependency on external electricity supply and achieve financial savings. Within the design section of the thesis, specific concepts of photovoltaic systems were developed. The primary objective is to minimize electricity costs while maximizing the use of renewable energy sources. These concepts are designed to achieve a major, rather than complete independence from grid electricity. Furthermore, the proposals were compared based on financial requirements, energy yield, and potential savings. The obtained results allow for the identification of a suitable proposal for a specific family house based on its energy needs and the owner's financial capabilities. Additionally, the study demonstrates the impact of subsidies on the overall return on investment in the project.
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Switch board for FVE design
Kovář, Lukáš ; Holek, Radovan (referee) ; Kaczmarczyk, Václav (advisor)
This thesis focuses on electrical switchboard design and optimalization for a photovoltaic power plant. Within the design, the main requirements for the switch board, such as the output voltage of photovoltaic panels, the ability to monitor power, protection against external influences, and the output system, are defined. Thesis‘ key element is the implementation of modern technologies and control systems for power monitoring and control. The thesis explores the possibilities of using automation technologies for optimal energy utilization and maintenance costs reduction.
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Photovoltaic laptop charger with wireless connectivity
Komár, Josef ; Kratochvíl, Tomáš (referee) ; Kufa, Jan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the design and construction of a photovoltaic charger designed primarily for a laptop. The solar charge controller works using the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) principle and is controlled by a ESP32 microcontroller. The control algorithm constantly searches for the maximum power point, thus achieving the maximum possible power and efficiency of the PV panel. The produced energy is then stored in the battery system, which has a BMS including protections and cell balancers. The charger includes an adjustable 18 – 22 V output for powering a laptop computer and 5 V output for powering devices via USB. All important parameters (voltages, currents and powers) are sent wirelessly by the charger via Wi-Fi interface.
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Renewable energy supply options for small communities
Kleveta, Jan ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Linda, Jakub (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of supplying a small municipality with renewable energy. The aim of the work is to design a renewable energy system for a selected model municipality and subsequently determine the extent to which it is capable of meeting municipality´s energy needs throughout the year. For this purpose, the village Vrchoslavice, with a population of 605, was chosen. During the design process, the selected municipality was viewed as an energy community. At the beginning, the work is focused on a literature review, which covers the essence of energy communities, their legislation, and especially the presentation of existing examples. In the next part of the work, the model municipality is introduced and then the annual energy consumption to be covered from renewable energy supplies, is determined. The last part of the work is devoted to the design of the renewable energy system itself, which is subsequently evaluated individually for different types of buildings within the model municipality.
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