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Vývoj islandského národního hospodářství v období 1994-2013
Klement, Josef ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of thesis is to analyze the development of the national economy of Iceland in the period 1994-2013. In addition to the reasons for the collapse of the banking sector thesis examines the way the state handled the situation. The theoretical part deals with the theory of the national economy, the characteristics of the main macroeconomic aggregates, the current banking system and selected theories of the business cycle. The practical part presents economic and political characteristics of Iceland. It is followed by main analysis divided into two periods, each of which contains an analysis of the legal framework, institutional provision, development of key macroeconomic aggregates and a separate chapter devoted to the development of the banking sector. Research suggests that the overheating of the economy occurred due to the extreme expansion of the banking sector, expansionary fiscal policy and inappropriate monetary policy of the central bank. The State had to seek the help of the International Monetary Fund during the crisis. There has been introduction of capital controls to stabilize the exchange rate. The state let the banking sector go bankrupt and created new domestic banks. Subsequently fiscal indicators were stabilized, but not at the expense of the needy and households. The business cycle in Iceland is best described by the Financial instability hypothesis.
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The analysis of public administration from the perspective of selected national economic parameters in the Czech Republic from 1989 to 2012
Tomanová, Zuzana ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The Thesis on topic The analysis of public administration from the perspective of selected national economic parameters in the Czech Republic from 1989 to 2012 summarizes these issues in order to understand the complexity of the topic. Those who said the issue more interested, this work should help to summarize the progress and crucial moments of public administration reform in the Czech Republic, to understand the principles and functioning of public administration and allow a comparison of public administration in the context of a centrally planned economy compared to today's economy operating under the market mechanism. The theoretical part covers the economic base of the topic and deals with basic definitions of the public sector, respectively public administration, personnel management and financial flows at all levels of public administration. Following chapters focus on the development of public administration from the beginning of the transformation of the economy in 1989, when the first signs appear necessary of reform public administration, until now. Individual chapters deal with the historical sections of the national economy in order to monitor the selected parameters in correspondence to the gross domestic product of the country, including the legislative framework. The thesis refers to the fact, that the aim of the state is considered to achieve a state of public administration, where it will be termed as a whole to be effective. Unsystematic changes in the performance of public administration are essential factors that make governance unstable and non-transparent. Finding ways of their elimination will be able to increase the efficiency of public administration under the current societal needs.
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Does the Economic Performance since 2000 in the Czech Republic and other European States depends on the System of Financial Supervision?
Tomková, Kateřina ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The objective of this diploma thesis is to process an analysis of financial supervision in the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Spain and Italy with special attention to banking industry which is the most influent part of the financial market in all countries. Besides this major analysis, the economic growth analysis for years 2000 to 2014 (2015) is made in every country. The very last step is a comparison of supervision systems and their connection to economic performance of countries. Conclusions bring the answer for my question: whether the economic condition (since 2000 until now) depends on the system of financial supervision in European countries. The theoretical part consists of chapters about the theory of national economy, financial markets, where there are basic theoretical concepts explained, market functions and market division. Last but not least, the theory of financial supervision is analyzed: what is the essence, legal framework, what is the supervision purpose and what are the goals of supervisors. Firstly, there should also be the theory of central banking but it does not make any sense to explain this theory here since central banks are not the main supervisor authorities of financial markets (except the Czech Republic, but also here the policies are separated). The practical part involves six subchapters, everyone is devoted to one state (the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Italy), the very last subchapter is about the comparison and analysis of results. In every state the history of financial market is processed together with institutional areas after 2000, legal framework and the analysis of supervision activity with special attention to capital, liquidity and resilience to shocks. European growth is analyzed according to GDP, inflation rate, unemployment, wage growth and GDP per capita in comparison with EU (28) and EA (19). The research brings the results that there is a connection between financial supervision and economic growth.
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Analysis and comparison of central banking in the Czech Republic from 1948 to the present
Smetana, Michal ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Váňa, Daniel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the analysis and subsequent comparison of two different systems of central banking in the centrally planned and liberal market economy in the Czech Republic from 1948 until now. The basic parameters of the analysis are monetary policy, independence of central banking and the regulation and supervising of banking sector. The theoretical part deals with economic theory and the theory of central banking, especially monetary policy, exchange rate policy, theory of regulation, theory of independence, theory of supervising and how different economical schools are looking on this issue. Analytical part is divided into analysis and comparison of the two periods on the basis of specific parameters - legislative and legal anchorage, institutional support, monetary policy, supervisory function and independence. From the final comparison, based on the valuation of the pros and cons, is obvious that a system of liberal economy banking is more successful and more sustainable for the future, because it is based on a high degree of central bank independence, which is trying to fulfill its primary goals regardless of the ruling political power.
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The Analysis of the Funding and the Level of Transport Services of Public Transport Network in The City of Prague in the years 2001-2012
Čáp, Vilém ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the funding and the level of transport services of public transport network in the City of Prague, and to compare the mutual correlations of the funding and the level of transport services of public transport network in the City of Prague in the years 2001-2012. This topic is very timely given the current development of the Czech economy, which is logically reflected in the development of the economy of the City of Prague, and thus one of the main areas, transport. Topicality of the theme is enhanced by developments in Prague Transport Company. In the theoretical section are listed and explained the basic concepts and definitions of the problems being solved. This section is mostly about economic theories dealing with the state budget, budget determination taxes, financing municipalities and consequently financing transport services of municipalities. Economics of transport and the criteria by which the level of development of transport services can be measured are also not omitted. In the practical part the trend in the volume of funds earmarked for the financing public transport in the City of Prague is listed. This section also focuses on the development of the level of public transport particularly in terms of traffic performance, development of articulated vehicles dispatching and circulation of vehicles productivity. In the conclusion of the practical part are processed the comparison and the evaluation of interdependencies between the funding and the level of public transport network in the City of Prague in the years 2001-2012.
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Analysis of development of the state budget of the Czech republic from 1993 until present
Ďoubal, Jakub ; Chmelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Zeman, Karel (referee)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the development of the national budget of the Czech Republic from 1993 until present, with focus on fulfilment of enacted budgets, effectiveness of reform policies and increasing debt. From an economical perspective, the fulfilment of the enacted budget is becoming a serious issue and reform policies adopted to solve this problem have proven to be inefficient. Like many other EU countries, the Czech Republic is struggling with increasing debt, which grew against all expectations during the period of economic growth and which must be decreased by establishing effective policies. In the theoretic and methodological part I have described technical terms related to public finance and economic theories describing analysed matters, for example the theory of public finance, theory of state budget, theory of budget deficit and state debt and theory of taxes. In the thesis were verified some of described theories such as theory of the electoral cycle and Laffer curve of taxation. In the practical part I have analyzed the development of legislation, tax rates as well as revenue and expenditures of the national budget, the budget deficit and public debt. Especially detailed is the analysis of the effectiveness and manner of implementation of specific reform policies. From analysis emerge success in predictions of taxes on personal income and social security premiums. In contrast inaccurately were predicted taxes on corporate income, value added taxes and consumption taxes.
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Analysis of the church restitutions in the Czech Republic and their effects on government budgets, church financing and and overall relations between state and churches.
Klepek, Cyril ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to analyse church property restitutions and overall relations between state and churches in Czech. This issue is up to date not only from economic policy perspective. Church restitutions and its appropriateness is also the core topic in currently public discussion. For analytical part purposes are in theoretical part discussed several theories: theory of interest groups, rent-seeking, theoretical concept of church financing and basic theories from economics of religion. In analytical part is the core analysis of church restitutions and their consequences for government budgets itself. In this part is also analysis of property relations between state and churches from historical development to present-day situation. Than is discuss the Act No. 428/2012 Sb. It has been demonstrated many problematic aspects of this act like high non- transparency, inequality before the law and strong influence of interest groups. Financial analysis concluded that positive impact of the act will be not sooner than in 50- 60 years.
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Analysis of the price level and gasoline quantum sold at a chosen distributor in the Czech Republic and in Poland
Hlůšek, Jakub ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to analyse dependency between setting of the price level and gasoline quantum sold at a chosen distributor in the Czech Republic and in Poland. In the first part of the thesis, there are characterized price theory, tax theory, theory of state interventions, supply, demand and price elasticity of demand. In the second part, first, there is analysed whole market with fuels in both countries with their comparison. These markets have had slightly different development and they do have different market structure, because of the existence of the market leader in Poland. Second, there are analysed the data of the chosen distributor and analysed dependencies between price and quantum sold. Research showed that there is an existence of dependencies of quantum sold on both change of the absolute price and change of the relative price. These dependencies and the impact of the relative price change is more significant in the Czech Republic than in Poland.
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The analysis of the development of excise duty in the Czech Republic from 1993 to the present, with special amphasis on excise duty on mineral oils
Choutková, Aneta ; Chmelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Zeman, Karel (referee)
The main theme of this work is to analyze the twenty-year development of rates and revenues from excise duty on mineral oils in the Czech Republic during the years 1993-2012 and analysis of budgetary determination of the tax revenues in the same period. The theoretical part deals with tax theory with a detailed focus on excise duty on mineral oils.The practical part of the thesis deals with the analysis of the evolution of the legal framework that affects solved tax and significantly affects the thesis in other sections. In particular, the adoption of Act No. 587/1992 Coll. and No. 353/2003 Coll., the Excise Tax Act for an analysis of rates and revenues from excise duty on mineral oils. For the analysis of the development of the budget allocation of revenues is a key Act No. 1/2005 Coll., on the budgetary allocation of revenues from certain taxes for municipal authorities and state funds. Further, I analyze the relationship between the rate of excise duty on mineral oils and collection of the tax and realize that the higher rate of tax not always led to higher yields. Using analysis of the development of the budget allocation of revenues in the last section of the practical part, I am trying to assess the adequacy of the current settings and to propose some compromise.
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