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Inter- and intra-population variability of dentition
Jónová, Markéta ; Bejdová, Šárka (advisor) ; Zazvonilová, Eliška (referee)
The human dentition exhibits morphological variability that can be evaluated at various levels. Essentially, two levels can be distinguished. The first one is the inter-population level, which deals with the comparison of two or more populations. The second one is the intra-population level, which deals with the evaluation of the dentition of genetically related and unrelated individuals. Dental morphological traits that can be evaluated include discrete dental traits and odontometric traits. An important feature of these traits is their genetic determination and heritability. As a result, they can be used as indicators of kinship. The use of morphological traits of dentition in population studies has its advantages but also some pitfalls. The main advantage lies in the fact that visual scoring of dental morphological traits is relatively technically undemanding and non-destructive. Another advantage is preservability of teeth in the archaeological and fossil record due to durability of the enamel. The main disadvantage of visual scoring is its dependency on the subjective view of the observer. Scoring can also be negatively influenced by tooth wear. To achieve a comprehensive view on the variability of dentition, it is also beneficial to understand the factors that affect its formation. Key words:...
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Dental health as a reflection of population lifestyle
Rybárová, Zuzana ; Bejdová, Šárka (advisor) ; Zazvonilová, Eliška (referee)
Human dentition is one of the key sources of information about the life of past as well as current populations. Due to the high proportion of inorganic components, the teeth are well preserved. Based on the state of dentition on skeletal remains, it is possible to reconstruct the diet and living conditions of archeological populations and compare them with modern populations. While the dental caries provides information about the type and composition of the diet, the enamel hypoplasia may reflect stress factors acting on an individual during early childhood. However, for the analysis of teeth, it is necessary to understand the causes of tooth diseases. Most of these diseases have multifactorial origin and are influenced by external and internal factors. This bachelor thesis describes the most commom tooth diseases and their connection with the health status and lifestyle of the individual, the impact of diet and other external factors on dentition and changes in these factors during history. Key words: human dentition, dental caries, periodontal diseases, developmental defects of enamel, subsistences, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, socioeconomic status, health status
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Relationship between longevity and non-specific stress in the Early Medieval Moravian population
Zazvonilová, Eliška ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Stránská, Petra (referee)
Opinions on the relationship between non-specific stress and age at death on adults are not uniform. The inspiration for our diploma thesis was a study by Croatian authors Becic et al. (2014) who reported that individuals with non-specific stress indicators (cribra orbitalia) lived longer. Our aims were following: to estimate the longevity and compared influence of used methods on the relationship between non-specific stress and age at death, to test the relationship between age at death and non-specific stress indicators, particularly cribra orbitalia and linear enamel hypoplasia, and also to test the relationship between non-specific stress indicators and stature. Methods for age estimation are divided into two parts, methods used in the study Becic et al. (2014) and our method selection chosen from the literature appropriate for the oldest individuals. In this study, the presence of cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia was observed in 294 adult individuals (111 women, 135 men and 48 undetermined individuals) from the Early Mediaeval (9th - 10th century) Slavic skeletal series at Mikulčice (Great Moravia), IIIrd church. When comparing age at death estimated by two different technics we found reduced age at death for the individuals with cribra orbitalia and also with enamel hypoplasia. There...
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