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Evaluation of treatment efficiency of selected constructed wetlands
Houška, Vojtěch ; Vymazal, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořáková Březinová, Tereza (referee)
Constructed wetlands represent a suitable alternative for wastewater treatment nowadays. They are irreplaceable in Czech Republic as well as worldwide. Initially, they were not accepted unanimously by the water authorities due to the simple technological design.
In this Bachelor thesis, the main types constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, their general principle of cleaning and suitable wetland vegetation are described. Also, the main components of pollution in the waste water are evaluated in the thesis. The thesis provides an evaluation of treatment performance of five constructed wetlands, namely Spálené Poříčí, Olší nad Oslavou, Rudíkov, Osová Bitýška and Křoví. This thesis is focused on the evaluation of the long-term treatment efficiency in terms of BOD5, COD, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. The most results show a very good level of wastewater treatment of surveyed constructed wetlands.
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Freshwater bryozoa in Úslava River at localities Starý Plzenec and Koterov
Steinerová, Michaela ; Vymazal, Jan (advisor) ; Magdalena, Magdalena (referee)
Freshwater bryozoans belong to a group of colonial invertebrates. Bryozoa in Czech translation means moss and animal. Representatives of bryozoans, are at first glance very similar to moss and plants from other species differ considerably.
The main objective of this thesis is to determine the different species found in the territories Koterov and Old Plzenec, to check the ecological demands of species found, to evaluate the seasonal dynamics of occurrence bryozoans and to compare the data with the available literature sources.
The monitored stretch of the river Úslava has been divided into 10 sites. Five locations were explored on the Koterov territory and on the territory of Old Plzenec another 5 locations aswell. At both locations, a total of 150 samples of these bryozoans have been collected and determined 233 zoarias.
Total number of 5 species of freshwater bryozoans were founded in the observed area Koterov - Starý Plzenec: Plumatella emarginata (Allman, 1844), Plumatella fungosa (Pallas, 1768), Plumatella repens (Linné, 1758), Fredericella sultana (Blumenbach, 1779) a Paludicella articulata (Ehrenberg, 1831).
Individual species were determined by a synoptical key from athors Wood and Okamura (2005)
From the obtained results, there has been evaluated a seasonal dynamics of the representation of individual species during July, August and September. In addition to the seasonal dynamics, light requirements and preferences of the species and the occurences of particular species were evaluated.
In the Koterov area, Plumatella emarginata has occured most widely, second common type was Plumatella fungosa. There were less abundant species of Fredericella sultana and Paludicella articulata. A type Plumatella repens was found only rarely. on the teritorry of Old Plzenec, most frequently Plumatella fungosa did appear, secondly, Plumatella emarginata. The least recorded species were Plumatella repens and Fredericella sultana.
Most frequently, all the species were occiring on the top and sides of the stones. Plumatela fungosa, Plumatella emarginata and Paludicella articulata were mostly recorded on the upper and lateral sides of the stones. Types Fredericella sultana and Plumatella repens were plentiful on the upper sides of the stones. The reason for this occurrence on the upper side could be a rich food supply. On the flank, the species are probably well protected from predators. The undersides of the stones were inhabitated rarely, probably due to insufficient supply of the oxygen.
My observation of Paludicella articulata being one of the shade-liking species are in line with the findings from the availiable literature . The other species were found both at shaded and sunlit sites and it cannot be percisely determined, if teh lighting conditions have major role in their development.
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The influence of number of visitors on water quality in a public natural swimming pool
Dragoun, Jan ; Vymazal, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořáková Březinová, Tereza (referee)
Abstract The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes the habitat, plants that provide clean water, as well as the revitalization of the area devoted to the description of the former wastewater treatment plant in the cadastral Radotín and the legislation subject to the available sources. The practical part describes the operation of the habitat, comparing the number of visitors to the habitat quality of water. In this thesis we evaluate the results of laboratory tests which were evaluated by decree limits no. 238/2011 Sb., on the hygienic requirements for swimming pools, saunas and hygiene limits of sand in sandboxes outdoor playgrounds.
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Design of the constructed wetland Kozičín
Řeháková, Petra ; Vymazal, Jan (advisor) ; Lenka, Lenka (referee)
Artificially created wetlands have great potential for sewage treatment. Their use is possible in areas where they still lack sewage or leads to poor wastewater handling various kinds.
Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment can be an adequate alternative to conventional centralized systems. In accordance with the requirements of sustainable development in terms of decentralized solutions.
In a review of thesis provides an overview of legislation that relate to the design, permitting and implementation of wetlands. It introduces the principles of functioning, history and current state of the relevant issues. It analyzes the possible technical solutions.
In the practical part to a specific location, which is located in the cadastral Kozicin is applied proposal reed beds. The proposal was preceded by field research community and based on the specific conditions of the territory. They are determined volumes of waste water and the amount of expected pollutants whose elimination is to take place. Subsequently designed space for placement and basic parameters root filters together with other related objects so that the way of solving environmental depollution wastewater was indeed effective. The conclusion is made a summary of the various measures to be followed in order to achieve the desired results.
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Design of a constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment at Měcholupy
Müller, Jan ; Vymazal, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořáková Březinová, Tereza (referee)
The first part of my thesis is focused on wetlands. I explained the concept of wetlands, made their description with focusing on artificial wetlands. Furthermore, this part of thesis described processes in wetlands, which are used for wastewater treatment. In the thesis are describe constructed wetlands used for wastewater treatment, parts of wetlands and most commonly used vegetation.
Next part of my bachelor thesis is focuses on project of constructed wetland used for wastewater treatment. This project will be processed for village Měcholupy, which is located on northwest of Czech Republic in district Louny. I made description of village focused on natural condition in village, description of wastewater and sewer system in village. Then will be described design of specific constructed wetland, decription of their individual parts, calculate size of this parts and evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of wastewater treatment in constructed wetland. Annex contain several photographs capturing place for possible construction and financial budget of the project.
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The contamintation level of sediments from water reservoir Orlík by organic and inorganic pollutants
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Száková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vymazal, Jan (referee)
Due to sorption processes, sediments can retain a wide range of toxic substances, which are transported together with the sediment over long distances from the place of their origin. Dam reservoirs are significant sinks of such sediments and they can be indicative of the overall burden level in surface water of the basin. This thesis works with the assumption that sediments of a valley reservoir can help to estimate the sources and extent of water pollution in the area of interest.
The aim of this thesis was to assess i) the level of contamination of bottom sediments in the Orlík reservoir with organic and inorganic pollutants, and ii) the potential impact of individual tributaries on the overall level of contamination of the sediments. In the literature review, the current level of knowledge in the topic of the total contents and speciation of toxic elements and specificities of the behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water, sediments and aquatic organisms was evaluated. The biological activity and eutrophication potential of sediments were discussed, as well.
A total of 34 composite samples of bottom sediment collected in different parts of the Orlík reservoir and its major tributaries were evaluated. Bioavailability of major pollutants was also observed in individual tributaries based on their content in the tissues of mollusks.
Atomic spectrometry revealed increased concentrations of As, Cd and Zn in sediments of the Orlík reservoir. Arsenic concentration limits were significantly exceeded at the bottom part of the reservoir from the confluence of the Otava and Vltava rivers toward the body of the dam. Higher level of cadmium and zinc were detected in sediments of the Otava River. The analysis of tissues of bivalves in tributary areas confirmed significant bioaccumulation ability of cadmium. Among others, significant dependence of phosphorus level on the total content of iron and aluminum in sediments was detected.
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Retention of nutrients in floodplains
Vymazal, Jan
Nitrogen and phosphorus transformations in floodplains are manifold and very intensive. However, the intensity of the processes depends very much on climatic and geomorphological conditions and also vegetation may play very important role. Probably the most important process responsible for nitrogen removal in floodplains is denitrification which takes place in anoxic/anaerobic soil and litter layers. Substantial removal of nitrogen may also occur via accumulation in the aboveground plant biomass. This process, however, does not remove nitrogen from the system unless the biomass is harvested. The most important process responsible for phosphorus retention in floodplains is sorption on sediment particles deposited during the flood. Removal via plant harvesting may also add to phosphorus removal.
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Rozbor finanční výkonnosti firmy OLMA, a.s.
Lošťáková, Jana ; Hnilica, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymazal, Jan (referee)
Cílem práce je zhodnocení finanční a ekonomické situace ve společnosti OLMA, a.s., v letech od roku 2003 do roku 2006, za pomoci dílčích analýz (horizontální, vertikální, analýza čistého pracovního kapitálu) a z výpočtu poměrových ukazatelů (rentability, aktivity, zadluženosti a platební schopnosti). Práce se dále zaměřuje na bilanční pravidla a Altmanův index jako metodu predikce finanční tísně společnosti. Závěrem je srovnání vybrané společnosti s odvětvím potravinářského průmyslu a se společností Mlékárna Kunín, a.s.
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