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The Usage of Separation Methods for Research of Biologically Active Substances in Waters
Vydrová, Lucie ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Chýlková,, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Pharmaceuticals are biological active compounds with different functional groups, physico-chemical and biological properties. These chemical compounds are called as “new contaminants” which cumulate in various environmental components. These contaminants input to environment from industrial processes, hospitals and health care institutions or household sources and these pollutants can to negatively interact with environmental components. Pharmaceuticals are separated according to structure and their effects to live organisms. On the basis of drug consumption in Czech Republic the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most using pharmaceuticals, because these drugs can be obtain without prescriptions. The choosing analgesics for study were monitored in waste water from waste waters treatment plant (WWTP Brno – Modřice) and in surface water from two sampling sites of river Kretinka. Pharmaceuticals were monitored in surface waters in Czech Republic, in Scotland (river Thurso) and in Taiwan (river Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan) Solid phase extraction (SPE) is used for extraction of study pharmaceutical from water system. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection or mass spectrometry was used for determination of drugs in surface waters from Czech Republic. The water samples from Scotland and Taiwan were analysed and the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was used for determination of pharmaceuticals. The method of HPLC/MS enables the determination of study compounds in the very low range of concentrations (ng ? l-1). All monitored pharmaceuticals were identified and quantified in water samples from river Kretinka in Czech Republic, river Thurso (Scotland) and rivers Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan in Taiwan and the obtained data were compared.
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Increasing elementary science experiments' inquiry potential
Vydrová, Lucie ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Beneš, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of research-based teaching and its application in chemistry education. In the theoretical part, the division, meaning and position of the framework curriculum in primary schools is presented. The next part deals with inquiry- based teaching, its definition, advantages and disadvantages that it can bring to chemistry teaching and education in general. The paper then focuses on motivation, its types, how it can be used in teaching and the factors affecting motivation. In the practical part, the findings from the previous chapters are used to develop two worksheets to support inquiry- based activities. They are designed to make it as easy as possible for pupils to understand the material themselves. The two worksheets are divided into two parts. The first is for the teacher, divided into several sections to make it easy to understand the teacher's necessary preparation for the lesson and the procedures and outcomes expected of the pupils. There is also a section of hints, called 'tip-cards', to help pupils if they get lost in the process. The second part is for pupils. The worksheet has been designed to support as much as possible the exploratory style of teaching and, more importantly, the independence of the pupils. Emphasis is also placed on linking...
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The Usage of Separation Methods for Research of Biologically Active Substances in Waters
Vydrová, Lucie ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Chýlková,, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Pharmaceuticals are biological active compounds with different functional groups, physico-chemical and biological properties. These chemical compounds are called as “new contaminants” which cumulate in various environmental components. These contaminants input to environment from industrial processes, hospitals and health care institutions or household sources and these pollutants can to negatively interact with environmental components. Pharmaceuticals are separated according to structure and their effects to live organisms. On the basis of drug consumption in Czech Republic the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most using pharmaceuticals, because these drugs can be obtain without prescriptions. The choosing analgesics for study were monitored in waste water from waste waters treatment plant (WWTP Brno – Modřice) and in surface water from two sampling sites of river Kretinka. Pharmaceuticals were monitored in surface waters in Czech Republic, in Scotland (river Thurso) and in Taiwan (river Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan) Solid phase extraction (SPE) is used for extraction of study pharmaceutical from water system. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection or mass spectrometry was used for determination of drugs in surface waters from Czech Republic. The water samples from Scotland and Taiwan were analysed and the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was used for determination of pharmaceuticals. The method of HPLC/MS enables the determination of study compounds in the very low range of concentrations (ng ? l-1). All monitored pharmaceuticals were identified and quantified in water samples from river Kretinka in Czech Republic, river Thurso (Scotland) and rivers Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan in Taiwan and the obtained data were compared.
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