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Possibilities of influencing compliance with following diabetic regimes from the perspective of nutrition therapist
Kučerová, Denisa ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Only in the Czech Republic, we detect over one million people diagnosed with this disease. By 2045, over 700 million people are predicted to be diagnosed with diabetes worldwide (Global diabetes data report 2000 - 2045 (diabetesatlas.org)). Medical community and pharmaceutical companies give big importance and pay significant attention to the development of innovative ways of treatment. Nowadays, there is a wide range of treatment available, but only hand in hand with the right compliance and patient's motivation can medical treatment bring the desired outcome. This bachelor thesis aims to explore the level of awareness among diabetic patients about the disease itself and nutrition knowledge through out a questionnaire survey. The main part of the thesis describes factors that can help with the patient's motivation. Questionnaire survey was used in a set of 271 patients treated in Klatovska nemocnice. Results of the survey are presented in the form of graphs. Results of the survey show that men are more satisfied with the ongoing threatment than females. On the other hand, both men and women do not view the level of education...
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Vitamin D deficiency and post-surgery recovery
Veigertová, Tereza ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
This diploma thesis pursues the topic of vitamin D deficiency, which is rather prevalent in the Czech population. The theoretical part summarizes findings about the systemic function of vitamin D in the human body and its importance in postoperative recovery. We know about vitamin D's impact on xenobiotic detoxification, reduction of oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and immunoregulation. Ubiquitous intracellular vitamin D receptors mediate the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D. Objectives: The principal aim of the thesis was to demonstrate the difference in the number of postoperative complications and lengths of hospitalization in patients with vitamin D deficiency and patients without vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, the research aims to discover the relationship between vitamin D and postoperative recovery and evaluate the importance of vitamin D supplementation in preoperative deficiency. Methods: The practical part uses retrospective data from the database of the Klatovská nemocnice on patients monitored in the internal and osteological outpatient department. The criteria for the selection of patients were performed surgery and measured serum level of 25(OH)D. Postoperative complications were evaluated. The evaluation took into account the patients' age and type of operation. Patients...
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Specifics of diet in patients with chronic kidney disease
Holakovská, Lucie ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Oulehle, Kateřina (referee)
Approximately 10 % of local population is affected by chronic kidney disease. CKD is not only a major health issue but it does have socio-economic impact on society. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy helps to delay the necessity of dialysis treatment, leads to a better quality of life of patients and can lower the economic costs of the therapy. Adequate therapy and regime intervention may positively influence wide range of risk factors of CKD progression. Patients with CKD have to comply with strict dietary restrictions including reduction of proteins. When starting dialysis, proteins intake increase is necessary, because of amino acids dialysate losses. Registered dietitian (RD) aims to maintain an optimal nutritional status of the patients and to minimize complications of CKD. Patients should be educated about nutrition principles during predialysis and diet changes after initiation of dialysis treatment. This bachelor thesis aims to establish an awareness of the dialyzed patients about nutrition measures. Questionary survey was used in set of 86 patients treated on dialysis in Klatovská nemocnice. Results are presented in the form of graphs. Results of the survey says, only 19 % of patients were educated by RD and 52 % of respondents were not informed at all about the need of increased...
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Nutritional status of dialysis patients during the hospitalization
Jiráčková, Marie ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Oulehle, Kateřina (referee)
The kidneys are a paired organ that has many functions in the body. They are responsible for the regulation of the internal surroundings, the excretion of metabolic products (nitrogen metabolites and foreign substances) and the secretion of certain hormones. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis I give a brief description of the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys and a description of some renal diseases, with emphasis on acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. I also discuss the possibilities of kidney function replacement and the adjustment of eating habits if a patient develops any of the kidney diseases. The practical part of the diploma thesis deals with the issue of nutritional status of hospitalized patients who are indicated for dialysis therapy. The research took place at the Faculty Hospital in Královské Vinohrady, mainly at the 1st internal clinic. The research group consisted of 17 patients who completed a questionnaire and kept a prospective record of the food portions eaten. Based on the calculation of the meals list, it was found that most of the patients do not receive enough energy or basic components of nutrition. The intake of minerals, with the exception of calcium, averaged the recommended values. Blood levels of serum albumin and minerals correspond on...
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Management of febrile neutropenia
Vachek, Jan ; Jankovská, Milada (advisor)
Neutropenia is a severe and very frequent complication of anticancer chemotherapy. Febrile neutropenia is a serious consequence of neutropenia caused by cancer chemotherapy, often leads to hospitalization, need of parenteral antibiotics and lethal end. The therapy hematologic malignancies are developing febrile neutropenia almost all patients, the treatment of solid tumors is affected by the presence of complications in about 10 to 20 percent. Lately, especially in the last two decades, there has been a significant progress in the prevention and treatment of this dreaded complication main contribution was undoubtedly the introduction of growth factors granulocytopoezy. Historical overview, see chapter this work. This work aims to comprehensively discuss the febrile neutropenia caused by cancer chemotherapy in particular, pursue development opportunities prophylaxis and therapy and also compare best practices in different departments dealing with these deal with complications. The last section is devoted to economic aspects of therapy of febrile neutropenia growth factors granulocytopoezy.
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