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Influence of the protectives against Varroa destructor on the colonies of bees and the environment
Marečková, Kateřina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Varroa destructor contains about six different types of mites that came from Asia and spread to Europe and gradually to the entire world. In the 70‘s of the last century the mite was identified also in the Czech Republic. The danger of the Varroa destructor is that it‘s getting into the drone´s fetus, where it is closed by the bees. Herein the mite is procreated and developed. Since 1990, the number of colonies of bees in the Czech Republic has been decreased. This is because of various reasons but one of the main causes is varroa destructor. Correct treatment of bees is directed by the regulation number 2/2007 which was released by the regional administration for South Moravia. The regulation recommends the spring, summer, autumn and winter treatment of bees by the preparations M-1 AER, FORMIDOL laminaes, GABON PA 92 and PF 90 and VARIDOL FUM and AER. All the preparations except FORMIDOL are available only on medical prescription and they are manufactured in the Bee Research Institute at Dol (Libčice nad Vltavou). This work reviews the information on the mite Varroa destructor, his origin, distribution, therapeutics and prevention. It explores the influence of the preparations used in the Czech Republic on the environment and on the bees themselves.
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Questions of pollutants determination in waste waters
Tandler, Ágnes ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis of theoretical character is being solved the problem of the presence of harmful substances in waste waters. Concerning inorganic substances attention is focused to lead and cadmium and their compounds. From the wide row of harmful organic compounds are chosen surfactants, polycyclic aromated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. There are described their chemical properties, origin and appearance in waste waters. This work also includes their analytical determination by mobile analysis and confirmatory methods. The last chapter includes standard operating procedure of the confirmatory fotometric method of determination of anionic surfactants, which is suitable for accredited laboratories.
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Hyaluronan for targeted drug delivery
Ureš, Tomáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) is a linear polysaccharide formed from disacharide units containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid. HA is present in almost all biological fluids and tissues. In many cancer cells there is an upregulation of CD44, a receptor that binds HA. The receptor CD44 collocates hyaluronan in the special way. The bioconjugates built-up from the cytotoxic substances and hyaluronan are called prodrugs. The prodrugs can be used for targeted drug delivery system. Their main advantage is there is no need to medicine so high doses of pharmaceuticals and their adverse side effects are minimized. Hyaluronan can be used as well as the intra-articulation injection by osteoarthritis. HA is also used as the nutrition of joints, by treatment for diverse dermatic lesions, the repair of scars and it can be the ingredient of eye drops and nasal sprays. The cosmetic manufactures add HA into anti-wrinkle creams and anti-aging care.
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Fish as indicator of aquatic ecosystem´s loading by pharmaceutical residues
Milatová, Martina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Nowadays, the importance of the issue of residues of pharmacs in the wastewaters and afterwards, surface waters, becomes more serious because of the fact, that the consumption of the pharmacs is instantly increasing within the human population. Therefore, it is important to monitor not only this pharmacs, respectively their residues in waters, but also their residues in aquatic organisms. This thesis is of theoretical character and deals with the possibility of using fish as bioindicators in the evaluation of pharmacs residues in aquatic ecosystems. The examples of farmacs present in the waters are given and the most common of them are described. The synthetic estrogens, whose effects on the aquatic organisms, respectively fish, are most detectable, were chosen as the most common group of pharmacs.
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Determination of selected drugs by separation methods
Skálová, Lucie ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work summarizes the basic information regarding the occurence and incidence of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, causes of their existence in the environmental components, their effects and consequences arising. In addition, provides information related to the problem of pharmaceutical waste and its disposal. Part of the work is an overview of specific drugs from the group of analgesics, and a description of the various steps and methods suitable for their determination in aqueous matrices.
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Problems of determination of non-traditional organochloric compounds in environmental compartments
Blažková, Eva ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The baccalaureate theoretical thesis resolved the current issue of the presence of xenobiotics based on organohalogenated compounds in environmental elements. The focus was on congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated diphenilyethers (PBDE), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxines and dibenzofuranes (PCDD/DF). The physical and chemical characteristics of these organically pollutants were described, as well as its toxicological and environmental aspects. The possibilities of its analytical determination were also described. The complete analytical procedure was described for indicator congeners PCB.
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The evaluation of findings of PCBs in bioindicators of animal origin - fish
Doušová, Petra ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The baccalaureate theoretical thesis resolved the issues of use of fish as bioindicators to determine the level of ecosystem pollution. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were selected as a xenobiotic; it still belongs among the priority organic pollutants. The part of thesis is dedicated to physical and chemical toxicological and environmental characteristics of these organic pollutants. Its use in CR in the past was also mentioned, as well as manner of its application in industry, evaluation of its distribution and toxicological effect of individual groups of congeners PCB. Based on the contamination level of fish the evaluation of the water ecosystem was performed, which was compared to data published in Slovakia.
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Residuals of pharmaceuticals in waters
Vašíčková, Petra ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on studying synthetic pharmaceuticals spreading into the aquatic ecosystem. Ketoprofen and diclofenac, non-steroidal analgetics were studied. The aim of this work is to develop both a suitable analytic method for analytes isolation from a given matrix and an optimal technique for identification and determination of analgetics residues in waters. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was employed as the separation method for isolation of given pharmaceuticals and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection was used for their determination. The optimised and validation method was used to model samples of water. Obtained results were evaluated and their interpretation was done.
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Determination of selected xenobiotics in plant bioindicators
Čechová, Eliška ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Monitoring of environment is basic aspect of detection of environment state. It is practice by analysis of water, air, soil and bioindicators. This thesis is aimed at elected bioindicators of plant origin, needles of pine-tree and spruce, and at determination of chosen xenobiotic, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in this bioindicators. PBDE are used as flame retardants and they are occurred in all components of environment, thanks to their properties and ability of bioaccumulation. In thesis is described separation of substances from sample using different extraction techniques and final gas chromatography. Experimental part is aimed at sample preparation, determination of chosen congeners PBDE and comparison of effectivity of used extraction techniques.
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