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Citizens of the United States of America and beginning of "atmosphere of fear" in the 20th century
Ulvr, Michal ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Nálevka, Vladimír (referee)
Pro většinu Evropanů nebyl konec čtyřicátých a padesátých let 20. století obdobím, na které by rádi vzpomínali; celý kontinent se jen pozvolna vzpamatovával z válečných roků. Ve Spojených státech amerických byla situace do značné míry odlišná. Jejich území se válka prakticky nedotkla; na východní pobřeží dopadlo jen několik japonských balónových bomb. Rok 1945 pak přinesl vítězství nad fašismem, ale také nezpochybnitelné prvenství USA jako voj enské i ekonomické velmoci světa. V následujících letech zavítalo do amerických domovů bohatství a spokojenost. Pod povrchem se však skrývala společnost vyznávající i nadále rasovou nesnášenlivost a diskriminaci, společnost, jež s hysterickými obavami očekávala, kdy se studená válka změní v "horkou" a jaderné výbuchy smetou města na východním pobřeží z povrchu země. Panický strach z infiltrace vlády, armády i jiných složek společnosti komunisty vedl k procesům, připomínajícím "hony na čarodějnice". Tento strach měl své kořeny již ve třicátých letech, kdy americká společnost vykazovala podobnou náchylnost k panice a všeobecnému strachu v očekávání války s hitlerovským Německem, které vyšly najevo během takzvané "Marťanské paniky" v roce 1938. Rozhlasové vysílání vědeckofantastického pořadu "Válka světů" průkazně způsobilo nejistotu a projevy strachu u obyvatel New...
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Nuclear Society - United States of America 1945 - 1964
Ulvr, Michal ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee) ; Tajovský, Ladislav (referee)
Michal Ulvr Abstract It was the near-end of the Second World War, which defined the popular reception of the Atomic bomb for upcoming decade. In the first year of the nuclear monopoly, the feeling of uncertainty and fear of death in the nuclear war was not yet present in strength. The mood of relative safety dominated the American society till the fall of the monopoly in 1949. Since the first atomic explosion occurred in the USSR, the atmosphere of fear, that never faded back and was latent since August and September 1945, made an exuberant appearance in press and other media. Suddenly, the American government made (after years of neglect) a great effort to calm down the uncertainty of the public. A Federal Civil Defense Administration was established at the end of 1950 and provided more or less useful information, propaganda, material and logistical support for a war with the Soviet Union, which was expected to come sooner or later. Plenty of educational and propaganda pamphlets, books and training films were produced in determination to make it clear, that survival under nuclear attack was possible. And indeed, at that time, there was even a good chance, that keeping some basic survival rules in mind an individual could come out of a nuclear attack relatively unscathed. Administration even tried to...
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Red Army: Footwear and Soldiers Equipment, Leather and Leather Substitute Materials, Metallic Equipment 1936 - 1946
Prior, Tomáš ; Ulvr, Michal (referee)
(in English): In effort to extend my master thesis we decided not to deepen the original concept. If we had done so, we would have been bound to limit the thesis to detailed analysis of weaving and dyeing. Instead we decided to extend original topics to subjects of boots and equipment i. e. to finish overview of all items worn and used by soldiers of Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. Methodology remained same as in my master thesis. Work is based on primary sources specifically institutional materials [regulations, ordinances, and decrees], files [proceedings] and communications among the institutions. The greatest difficulty in a process was total lack of Russian-Czech shoemaking dictionaries and absence of sources providing complex terminology. For this reason thesis contains a dictionary and volume of illustrative materials. Despite these problems we managed to create a chronological survey of the footwear development. The process of shoemaking is very difficult and complex and requires professional skill. Therefore the theoretical information was not authenticated by genuine production of footwear. In case of equipment some items were subsequently made to verify the sources.
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Red Army from 1936 untill 1941: a technical and historical development
Prior, Tomáš ; Tumis, Stanislav (advisor) ; Ulvr, Michal (referee)
(in English): The aim of the work is the analysis of the modernization processes in the RKKA between 1936-1945. The emphasis is on the analysis of the development in two lines: the gradual modernization and the consequences of purges and armed conflicts in which the Red Army participated at the end of the 1930s. I also deal with the ideology, military and civil propaganda, reforms, equipment, arms and implementation of the new knowledge into praxis.
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Nuclear Society - United States of America 1945 - 1964
Ulvr, Michal ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee) ; Tajovský, Ladislav (referee)
Michal Ulvr Abstract It was the near-end of the Second World War, which defined the popular reception of the Atomic bomb for upcoming decade. In the first year of the nuclear monopoly, the feeling of uncertainty and fear of death in the nuclear war was not yet present in strength. The mood of relative safety dominated the American society till the fall of the monopoly in 1949. Since the first atomic explosion occurred in the USSR, the atmosphere of fear, that never faded back and was latent since August and September 1945, made an exuberant appearance in press and other media. Suddenly, the American government made (after years of neglect) a great effort to calm down the uncertainty of the public. A Federal Civil Defense Administration was established at the end of 1950 and provided more or less useful information, propaganda, material and logistical support for a war with the Soviet Union, which was expected to come sooner or later. Plenty of educational and propaganda pamphlets, books and training films were produced in determination to make it clear, that survival under nuclear attack was possible. And indeed, at that time, there was even a good chance, that keeping some basic survival rules in mind an individual could come out of a nuclear attack relatively unscathed. Administration even tried to...
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Citizens of the United States of America and beginning of "atmosphere of fear" in the 20th century
Ulvr, Michal ; Nálevka, Vladimír (referee) ; Kovář, Martin (advisor)
Pro většinu Evropanů nebyl konec čtyřicátých a padesátých let 20. století obdobím, na které by rádi vzpomínali; celý kontinent se jen pozvolna vzpamatovával z válečných roků. Ve Spojených státech amerických byla situace do značné míry odlišná. Jejich území se válka prakticky nedotkla; na východní pobřeží dopadlo jen několik japonských balónových bomb. Rok 1945 pak přinesl vítězství nad fašismem, ale také nezpochybnitelné prvenství USA jako voj enské i ekonomické velmoci světa. V následujících letech zavítalo do amerických domovů bohatství a spokojenost. Pod povrchem se však skrývala společnost vyznávající i nadále rasovou nesnášenlivost a diskriminaci, společnost, jež s hysterickými obavami očekávala, kdy se studená válka změní v "horkou" a jaderné výbuchy smetou města na východním pobřeží z povrchu země. Panický strach z infiltrace vlády, armády i jiných složek společnosti komunisty vedl k procesům, připomínajícím "hony na čarodějnice". Tento strach měl své kořeny již ve třicátých letech, kdy americká společnost vykazovala podobnou náchylnost k panice a všeobecnému strachu v očekávání války s hitlerovským Německem, které vyšly najevo během takzvané "Marťanské paniky" v roce 1938. Rozhlasové vysílání vědeckofantastického pořadu "Válka světů" průkazně způsobilo nejistotu a projevy strachu u obyvatel New...
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The Uniform of the Red Army: Military Attire of the Ranks and the NCOs 1936 - 1946
Prior, Tomáš ; Tumis, Stanislav (advisor) ; Ulvr, Michal (referee)
(in English): Second World War is a very well researched conflict favoured by historians and non-professional enthusiasts alike. Despite its popularity even this subject leaves many areas blank. Areas which were either completely omitted by researches or not studied thoroughly enough. One of these areas is a production technology of Red Army military uniforms. The aim of the thesis is not to merely describe the patterns of military uniforms but to outline the subject with regard to textile industry and chemistry (dyeing). After the critical evaluation of accessible information thesis was based exclusively upon primary sources - manufacturing instructions of the period and specialized literature. All secondary sources were deliberately excluded. The findings proved that specific manufacturing instruction of the period enables the researcher to produce virtually any garment. At the same time established deficiencies are not insolvable. The question which shade of khaki was used in dyeing fabric for uniforms still remains unanswered. A lot of facts established in discipline of textile materials and textile colours are contradictory to generally accepted image of the Read Army soldier which has been formed by cinematography and secondary literature for decades.
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