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The Role of iNKT Cells in the Pathogenesis of Infectious And Autoimmune Diseases
Nováková, Lucie ; Kozák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kriegová, Eva (referee) ; Uhlík, Jiří (referee)
iNKT (invariant natural killer T cell) are thymus-dependent unconventional T cells. They express highly restricted TCR - Vα24Jα18 - chain paired with restricted set of β chains. iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens. These antigens are presented by CD1d molecule on the surface of APC. This small population of cells is involved in the immune responses against various infection agents including viral infection even though viruses do not express their own glycolipid antigens. iNKT cells differ from clasical T lymfocytes in the promtly production of cytokines of Th1, Th2 and Th17 profile. Here I describe their behavior during reactivation of human herpes virus and their role in human defense against the varicella zoster virus. We observed decreased number of iNKT in patients who underwent reactivations of varicella zoster virus because they failed to control latent infection of VZV. Phenotypic changes of iNKT cells were also found and described - increased expression of the NKG2D receptor and downregulation of NKG2A in a group of patients during acute herpes simplex virus infection. iNKT cells enhance their capacity to produce TNF-α. In the last part of my work, I will briefly describe general position of iNKT cells in the immune response and their evolutionary significance. Our data suggests that iNKT...
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